知識

See also: 知识

Chinese

	to know; to be aware	to record; write a footnote; to know to record; write a footnote; to know; knowledge
trad. (知識)	知	識
simp. (知识)	知	识
alternative forms	知䛊／知识 obsolete unofficial simplified form

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): zhīshi, zhīshì

(Zhuyin): ㄓ ˙ㄕ, ㄓㄕˋ

(Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹, zi³ sik¹
Eastern Min (BUC): dĭ-sék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tì-sek / tì-siak / tì-sit / ti-siak

(Teochew, Peng'im): zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹tsy-seq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshi
  - Zhuyin: ㄓ ˙ㄕ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshi̊h
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁵
  - Yale: jr̄-shr
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jy.shy
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩²/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
  - Yale: jr̄-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    知事
    知識／知识
    芝士
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җышы (žɨšɨ, I-I)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹, zi³ sik¹
  - Yale: jī sīk, ji sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷, dzi³ sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹, ji³ xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/, /t͡siː³³ sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    姿色
    知悉
    知識／知识

Note: zi3 sik1 - also written as 智識.

Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dĭ-sék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(s-)lɛiʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sek
  - Tâi-lô: tì-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dieseg
  - IPA (Taipei): /ti¹¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
  - IPA (Singapore): /ti²¹⁻⁴² sek̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti²¹⁻⁴¹ siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-siak
  - Tâi-lô: tì-siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diesiag
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ti⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tì-sit
  - Tâi-lô: tì-sit
  - Phofsit Daibuun: diesid
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-siak
  - Tâi-lô: ti-siak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: disiag
  - IPA (Philippines): /ti³³ siak̚⁵/

Note: also written as 智識.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: zai¹ sêg⁴ / di³ sêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai sek / tì sek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai³³⁻²³ sek̚²/, /ti²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sek̚²/

Note: di3 sêg4 - also written as 智識.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹tsy-seq
  - MiniDict: tsy^平 seh
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr-seq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵ səʔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: trje syik

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trje	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre s-tək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Noun

知識

knowledge
學習知識／学习知识 ― xuéxí zhīshí ― to acquire knowledge

更新知識／更新知识 ― gēngxīn zhīshí ― to renew one's knowledge

知識淵博／知识渊博 ― zhīshi yuānbó ― to be knowledgeable

傳授知識／传授知识 ― chuánshòu zhīshi ― to pass on knowledge

知識結構／知识结构 ― zhīshí jiégòu ― knowledge structure

知識爆炸／知识爆炸 ― zhīshí bàozhà ― knowledge explosion

圖書館是人類知識的海洋。 [MSC, trad.]
图书馆是人类知识的海洋。 [MSC, simp.]
Túshūguǎn shì rénlèi zhīshí de hǎiyáng. [Pinyin]
Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.

知識不一定完全來自於學校的教育，社會也是個大學嘛。 [MSC, trad.]
知识不一定完全来自于学校的教育，社会也是个大学嘛。 [MSC, simp.]
Zhīshí bù yīdìng wánquán láizì yú xuéxiào de jiàoyù, shèhuì yě shì ge dàxué ma. [Pinyin]
Knowledge does not come from schooling alone. Society is a kind of university.
intellect; intelligence

Synonyms

(knowledge):

學問／学问 (xuéwèn)
心得 (xīndé) (knowledge gained)
所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
智識／智识 (zhìshí) (literary, or Min Nan and Cantonese)
聞見／闻见 (wénjiàn) (literary)
見聞／见闻 (jiànwén)
見識／见识 (jiànshí)
認識／认识
識見／识见 (shíjiàn) (literary)

(intellect): 智力 (zhìlì)

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (知識):

→ Japanese: 知(ち)識(しき) (chishiki)
→ Korean: 지식(知識) (jisik)
→ Vietnamese: tri thức (知識)

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhīshí, zhīshì

(Zhuyin): ㄓㄕˊ, ㄓㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹ sik¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshí
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄕˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshíh
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih²
  - Yale: jr̄-shŕ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyr
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhīshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhihshìh
  - Wade–Giles: chih¹-shih⁴
  - Yale: jr̄-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshyh
  - Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    [Show/Hide]
    ^edit
    ^edit
    知事
    知識／知识
    芝士
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹ sik¹
  - Yale: jī sīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹ sik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹ xig¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    姿色
    知悉
    知識／知识

Middle Chinese: trje syik

Rime
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	書 (26)
Final (韻)	支 (11)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	陟移切	賞職切
Baxter	trje	syik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈiᴇ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈiɛ/	/ɕɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶjɛ/	/ɕiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈiə̆/	/ɕik̚/
Li Rong	/ȶie/	/ɕiək̚/
Wang Li	/ȶǐe/	/ɕĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶie̯/	/ɕi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhī	shi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹	sik¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tre s-tək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e tjɯɡs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zhī	shí
Middle Chinese	‹ trje ›	‹ syik ›
Old Chinese	/*tre/	/*s-tək/
English	know	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	知	識
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11495	17244
Phonetic component	矢	戠
Rime group	支	代
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		志
Old Chinese	/*ʔl'e/	/*tjɯɡs/
Notes	沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲	戠轉註字

Verb

知識

(literary) to know; to be familiar with

Synonyms

了解 (liǎojiě)
佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
分曉／分晓 (fēnxiǎo)
參悟／参悟 (cānwù)
悟 (wù) (literary, or in compounds)
懂 (dǒng)
懂得 (dǒngde)
打生 (Wenzhounese)
把握 (bǎwò)
掌握 (zhǎngwò)
明 (ming⁴) (Cantonese)
明白
明瞭／明了 (míngliǎo)
曉得／晓得 (xiǎode)
會悟／会悟 (huìwù) (literary)
洞悉 (dòngxī)
清亮 (mainland China)
清楚
熟似 (Hokkien)
熟悉 (shúxī)
熟稔 (shúrěn) (literary)
熟識／熟识 (shúshí)
理會／理会 (lǐhuì)
理解 (lǐjiě)
瞭悟／了悟 (liǎowù) (literary)
知影 (Hokkien, Teochew)
知悉 (zhīxī) (literary)
知曉／知晓 (zhīxiǎo)
知道
覺／觉
覺悟／觉悟 (juéwù)
覺醒／觉醒 (juéxǐng)
認識／认识
諳曉／谙晓 (ānxiǎo) (literary)
諳達／谙达 (āndá) (literary)
貫通／贯通 (guàntōng)
通曉／通晓 (tōngxiǎo)
通解 (tōngjiě) (literary)
通達／通达 (tōngdá)
達／达 (literary, or in compounds)
醒悟 (xǐngwù)
開悟／开悟 (kāiwù) (literary)
領悟／领悟 (lǐngwù)
領會／领会 (lǐnghuì)
領略／领略 (lǐnglüè)

Noun

知識

(literary) acquaintance; friend
- 人有大臭者，其親戚兄弟妻妾知識無能與居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  人有大臭者，其亲戚兄弟妻妾知识无能与居者，自苦而居海上。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Lü Buwei, Master Lü's Spring and Autumn Annals, 239 BCE
  Rén yǒu dà chòu zhě, qí qīnqī xiōngdì qīqiè zhīshí wú néng yǔ jū zhě, zìkǔ ér jū hǎishàng. [Pinyin]
  There was a man who stank obnoxiously. Among his relatives, siblings, wives, and friends, none could bear to live with him. Troubled by himself, he went to dwell on an island in the sea.

Synonyms

半熟臉兒／半熟脸儿 (bànshóuliǎnr) (colloquial)
所知 (suǒzhī) (literary)
熟人 (shúrén)
熟人子 (shou⁶ ren² zr) (Xiang)
熟似人 (Hokkien)
相識／相识 (xiāngshí)

Derived terms

善知識／善知识 (shànzhīshí)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
知	識
ち Grade: 2	しき Grade: 5
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ちしき [chíꜜshìkì] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [t͡ɕiɕi̥kʲi]

Noun

知(ち)識(しき) • (chishiki)

knowledge
知(ち)識(しき)を得(え)る
chishiki o eru
to acquire knowledge

References

NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
知	識

Noun

知識 • (jisik) (hangeul 지식)

Hanja form^? of 지식 (“knowledge”).

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
知	識

Noun

知識

chữ Hán form of tri thức (“knowledge”).

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[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN