人類

See also: 人类

Chinese
man; person; people
 
kind; type; class
kind; type; class; category; similar; like; to resemble
trad. (人類) 人 類
simp. (人类) 人 类

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 人 類
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 日 (38) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 眞 (43) 脂 (16)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 如鄰切 力遂切
Baxter nyin lwijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ȵiɪn/ /liuɪH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ȵin/ /lʷiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ȵʑjen/ /ljuɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ȵin/ /lwiH/
Li
Rong		 /ȵiĕn/ /luiH/
Wang
Li		 /ȵʑĭĕn/ /lwiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ /lwiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 rén lèi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 jan4 leoi6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 人 類
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 rén lèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ nyin › ‹ lwijH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*ni[ŋ]/ /*[r]u[t]-s/
English (other) person category

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 人 類
Reading # 1/1 2/2
No. 10800 7772
Phonetic
component		 人 頪
Rime
group		 眞 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1 3
Corresponding
MC rime		 仁 類
Old
Chinese		 /*njin/ /*ruds/

Noun

人類

  1. (collective) humanity; humans; humankind; the human race; hominid
    人類前途／人类前途  ―  rénlèi qiántú  ―  the future of the human race
    人類遺址／人类遗址  ―  rénlèi yízhǐ  ―  hominid site
    人類活動導致的氣候變化 [MSC, trad.]
    人类活动导致的气候变化 [MSC, simp.]
    rénlèi huódòng dǎozhì de qìhòu biànhuà [Pinyin]
    human-induced climate change
    關係到人類的生死存亡 [MSC, trad.]
    关系到人类的生死存亡 [MSC, simp.]
    guānxì dào rénlèi de shēngsǐcúnwáng [Pinyin]
    to concern the survival of the human race
    圖書館是人類知識的海洋。 [MSC, trad.]
    图书馆是人类知识的海洋。 [MSC, simp.]
    Túshūguǎn shì rénlèi zhīshí de hǎiyáng. [Pinyin]
    Libraries contain knowledge of human experience as vast as the open sea.
    書籍是人類進步的階梯。 [MSC, trad.]
    书籍是人类进步的阶梯。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shūjí shì rénlèi jìnbù de jiētī. [Pinyin]
    The book is the ladder of human progress.
    考古學係一門研究人類文化同歷史嘅學科。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    考古学系一门研究人类文化同历史嘅学科。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    haau2 gu2 hok6 hai6 jat1 mun4 jin4 gau3 jan4 leoi6 man4 faa3 tung4 lik6 si2 ge3 hok6 fo1. [Jyutping]
    Archaeology is a science that studies human cultures and history.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (人類):

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
人 類
じん
Grade: 1		 るい
Grade: 4
kan’on on’yomi
Alternative spelling
人類 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

    Noun

    人(じん)類(るい) • (jinrui) 

    1. mankind, the human race, humanity
      人類(じんるい)の起源(きげん)
      jinrui no kigen
      the origins of the human race

    See also

    References
    • 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
    1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

    Korean
    Hanja in this term
    人類

    Noun

    人類 • (illyu) (hangeul 인류)

    1. Hanja form? of 인류 (“human”).

    Vietnamese
    chữ Hán Nôm in this term
    人類

    Noun

    人類

    1. chữ Hán form of nhân loại (“mankind; humanity; human beings”).
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