歷史

See also: 历史 and 歴史

Chinese
 
to experience; to undergo; to pass through
to experience; to undergo; to pass through; all; each; every; calendar
 history
trad. (歷史) 歷 史
simp. (历史) 历 史

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 歷 史
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 錫 (127) 之 (19)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) IV III
Fanqie 郎擊切 踈士切
Baxter lek sriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /lek̚/ /ʃɨX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /lek̚/ /ʃɨX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /lɛk̚/ /ʃieX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɛjk̚/ /ʂɨX/
Li
Rong		 /lek̚/ /ʃiəX/
Wang
Li		 /liek̚/ /ʃĭəX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /liek̚/ /ʂiX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lì shǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 lik6 si2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 歷 史
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lì shǐ
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ lek › ‹ sriX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[r]ˁek/ /*s-rəʔ/
English pass by; in turn scribe

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 歷 史
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 7980 11487
Phonetic
component		 秝 史
Rime
group		 錫 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 靂 史
Old
Chinese		 /*reːɡ/ /*srɯʔ/

Noun

歷史

  1. (uncountable) history (the study of past events)
    歷史感／历史感  ―  lìshǐ gǎn  ―  sense of history
    歷史觀點／历史观点  ―  lìshǐ guāndiǎn  ―  view of history
    縱觀歷史／纵观历史  ―  zòngguān lìshǐ  ―  throughout history
    古代歷史／古代历史  ―  gǔdài lìshǐ  ―  ancient history
    歷史故事／历史故事  ―  lìshǐ gùshi  ―  stories from history
    歷史文獻／历史文献  ―  lìshǐ wénxiàn  ―  historical document
    歷史事件／历史事件  ―  lìshǐ shìjiàn  ―  historical event
    歷史人物／历史人物  ―  lìshǐ rénwù  ―  historical figure
    歷史古跡／历史古迹  ―  lìshǐ gǔjì  ―  historical site
    歷史是由勝利者書寫的。 [MSC, trad.]
    历史是由胜利者书写的。 [MSC, simp.]
    Lìshǐ shì yóu shènglìzhě shūxiě de. [Pinyin]
    History is written by the victors.
    此說是否為歷史事實，近代頗有爭議。 [MSC, trad.]
    此说是否为历史事实，近代颇有争议。 [MSC, simp.]
    Cǐ shuō shìfǒu wéi lìshǐ shìshí, jìndài pōyǒu zhēngyì. [Pinyin]
    Whether this theory is historical fact has been a source of considerable contention in recent times.
  2. (countable) past events; historical happenings; history (Classifier: 段)
  3. (uncountable) Short for 歷史學／历史学 (lìshǐxué, “the study of history; historiography”).
  4. (countable, computing) history (record of previous user events) (Classifier: 條／条 m)
    瀏覽歷史／浏览历史  ―  liúlǎn lìshǐ  ―  browsing history
    搜索歷史／搜索历史  ―  sōusuǒ lìshǐ  ―  search history

Usage notes

Just like in English, this Chinese term can refer to history as in the study of past events, as well as the past considered as a whole, or connected with a particular person or thing.

Derived terms

Japanese
Kanji in this term
歷 史
れき
Jinmeiyō		 し
Grade: 5
on’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 歷史 – see the following entry.
【歴史れきし】
[noun] history
[noun] the study of history
(This term, 歷史, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

Korean
Hanja in this term
歷史

Noun

歷史 • (yeoksa) (hangeul 역사)

  1. Hanja form? of 역사 (“history”). (South Korea)

Noun

歷史 • (ryeoksa) (hangeul 력사)

  1. Hanja form? of 력사 (“history”). (North Korea)

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
歷史

Noun

歷史

  1. chữ Hán form of lịch sử (“history”).
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