< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-okъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

Nominal suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kós.

Suffix

*-òkъ m

  1. (Regional) From feminine animal nouns (usually in i-stem), forms the respective masculine counter-part (in South Slavic)
    *pъtъka (“duck”) → *pъtokъ (“drake”)
    *mečьka f (“bear”) → *mečokъ f (“bear”)
    *gǫsь (“goose”) → *gǫsokъ (“gander”)
    *myšь f (“mouse”) → *myšokъ m (“mouse”)
  2. From adjectives, forms a carrier of the adjective
    Synonyms: *-ьcь, *-ežь, *-ьjь
    *moldъ (“young”) → *moldokъ (“novice, youth, young tree”)
    *starъ (“old”) → *starokъ (“veteran, elderly”)
    *slěpъ (“blind”) → *slěpokъ (“blind creature/person”)
    Pre-Slavic *sklǫbъ (“lateral”) → *xlǫbokъ (“hip”)
  3. From prepositions, forms a carrier of the adjective
    0-grade of *per (“for, per”) → *prokъ (“remnant, remainder”)
Declension
Declension of *-okъ (hard o-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-okъ *-oka *-oci
genitive *-oka *-oku *-okъ
dative *-oku *-okoma *-okomъ
accusative *-okъ *-oka *-oky
instrumental *-okъmь, *-okomь* *-okoma *-oky
locative *-ocě *-oku *-ocěxъ
vocative *-oče *-oka *-oci
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Etymology 2

Adjectival suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.

Suffix

*-òkъ

  1. From gauge nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning: -y
    *glǫbь (“depth”) → *glǫbokъ (“deep”)
    *vysь (“height, elevation”) → *vysokъ (“high, elevated”)
    *širь (“scope, vast space”) → *širokъ (“wide”)
    *dalь (“distance”) → *dalekъ (“distant”)
    *žestь (“stiffness”) → *žestokъ (“cruel, severe”)
    Pre-Slavic *grǫstь (“roughness, cavity”) → *grǫstokъ (“rough, sturdy”)
Alternative forms
  • *-ekъ (when appended to yo-stems)
Declension
Indefinite declension of *-okъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-okъ *-oka *-oko
genitive *-oka *-oky *-oka
dative *-oku *-ocě *-oku
accusative *-okъ *-okǫ *-oko
instrumental *-okomь *-okojǫ *-okomь
locative *-ocě *-ocě *-ocě
vocative *-oče *-oko *-oko
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-oka *-ocě *-ocě
genitive *-oku *-oku *-oku
dative *-okoma *-okama *-okoma
accusative *-oka *-ocě *-ocě
instrumental *-okoma *-okama *-okoma
locative *-oku *-oku *-oku
vocative *-oka *-ocě *-ocě
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-oci *-oky *-oka
genitive *-okъ *-okъ *-okъ
dative *-okomъ *-okamъ *-okomъ
accusative *-oky *-oky *-oka
instrumental *-oky *-okami *-oky
locative *-ocěxъ *-okaxъ *-ocěxъ
vocative *-oci *-oky *-oka
Definite declension of *-okъ (hard)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-okъjь *-okaja *-okoje
genitive *-okajego *-okyję̇ *-okajego
dative *-okujemu *-ocěji *-okujemu
accusative *-okъjь *-okǫjǫ *-okoje
instrumental *-okyjimь *-okǫjǫ *-okyjimь
locative *-ocějemь *-ocěji *-ocějemь
vocative *-okъjь *-okaja *-okoje
dual masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-okaja *-ocěji *-ocěji
genitive *-okuju *-okuju *-okuju
dative *-okyjima *-okyjima *-okyjima
accusative *-okaja *-ocěji *-ocěji
instrumental *-okyjima *-okyjima *-okyjima
locative *-okuju *-okuju *-okuju
vocative *-okaja *-ocěji *-ocěji
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative *-ociji *-okyję̇ *-okaja
genitive *-okъjixъ *-okъjixъ *-okъjixъ
dative *-okyjimъ *-okyjimъ *-okyjimъ
accusative *-okyję̇ *-okyję̇ *-okaja
instrumental *-okyjimi *-okyjimi *-okyjimi
locative *-okyjixъ *-okyjixъ *-okyjixъ
vocative *-ociji *-okyję̇ *-okaja

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ
Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ekъ not found

References
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мишо̀к¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 144
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moldokъ/*moldoka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 169
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*grǫstokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 147

Further reading
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