堅強

See also: 坚强

Chinese

		strong; solid; firm strong; solid; firm; unyielding; resolute	strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better
trad. (堅強)		堅	強
simp. (坚强)		坚	强

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiānqiáng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢㄑㄧㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gin¹ koeng⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiên-khiòng / kiân-khiòng
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kian-kiông / kian-kiâng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiānqiáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢㄑㄧㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jianciáng
  - Wade–Giles: chien¹-chʻiang²
  - Yale: jyān-chyáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianchyang
  - Palladius: цзяньцян (czjanʹcjan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gin¹ koeng⁴
  - Yale: gīn kèuhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gin¹ koeng⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: gin¹ kêng⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːn⁵⁵ kʰœːŋ²¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên-khiòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: gien´ kiongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ kiong²
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân-khiòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: gian´ kiongˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹ kiong²
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴ kʰi̯oŋ¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-kiông
  - Tâi-lô: kian-kiông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kienkioong
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ²³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛn³³ kiɔŋ²⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kian-kiâng
  - Tâi-lô: kian-kiâng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kienkiaang
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/

Adjective

堅強

staunch; strong; firm; solid
堅強意志／坚强意志 ― jiānqiáng yìzhì ― strong will

他是一位胸懷十分豁達，並且意念非常堅強的領袖。 [MSC, trad.]
他是一位胸怀十分豁达，并且意念非常坚强的领袖。 [MSC, simp.]
Tā shì yī wèi xiōnghuái shífēn huòdá, bìngqiě yìniàn fēicháng jiānqiáng de lǐngxiù. [Pinyin]
He's a very broad-minded and strong-willed leader.

Synonyms

倔強／倔强
儼硬／俨硬 (Hokkien)
剛強／刚强 (gāngqiáng)
剛愎／刚愎 (gāngbì) (literary)
剛毅／刚毅 (gāngyì)
剛烈／刚烈 (gāngliè)
堅毅／坚毅 (jiānyì)
婞直 (xìngzhí)
悻直 (xìngzhí) (literary)
擰／拧 (nìng)
頑強／顽强 (wánqiáng)

Antonyms

薄弱 (bóruò)
脆弱 (cuìruò)
虧弱／亏弱 (kuīruò)
軟弱／软弱 (ruǎnruò)
衰弱 (shuāiruò)
虛虧／虚亏 (xūkuī)
虛弱／虚弱 (xūruò)
(Hokkien) 灠弱／𰜐弱

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (堅強):

→ Japanese: 堅強(けんきょう) (kenkyō)
→ Vietnamese: kiên cường (堅強)

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