< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duxъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *dausas, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-, variant of *dʰwes-. Cognate with Lithuanian daũsos f pl (“air”), Proto-Germanic *deuzą (“animal”).

Noun

*dȗxъ m[1][2][3]

  1. gust (of wind)
  2. breath (especially as manifestation of the life)
    bezъ ducha byti ― to be dead, not alive
    jьspustiti/vypustiti ducha ― to die
  3. soul
  4. spirit
    zъlъ duxъ ― evil spirit

Declension
Declension of *dȗxъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *dȗxъ *dȗxa *dȗśi
genitive *dȗxa *duxù *dũxъ
dative *dȗxu *duxomà *duxòmъ
accusative *dȗxъ *dȗxa *dȗxy
instrumental *dȗxъmь, *dȗxomь* *duxomà *duxý
locative *dȗśě *duxù *duśě̃xъ
vocative *duše *dȗxa *dȗśi
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

See also
  • *duti (“to inflate, to swell”), *dunǫti (“to blow off”)
  • *dymъ (“smoke”), *dymati (“to smoke”)

Derived terms
  • *duxota (“immateriality, transcendence”)
  • *zaduxъ (“asthma, shortness of air”)
  • *vъzduxъ (“air”)
  • *dušiti (“to sniff, to scent”)
  • *duša (“soul”)
  • *duxovъ (“aerial, spiritual”)
    • *duxovьnostь (“spirituality”)
    • *duxovьnikъ (“cleric”)
    • *duxovitъ (“with high spirit”)
  • *oduxotvoriti (“to enchant”) < *duxъ +‎ *tvoriti (“to create”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: духъ (duxŭ, “air”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: доухъ (duxŭ)
      Glagolitic script: ⰴⱆⱈⱏ (duxŭ)
    • Bulgarian: дух (duh)
    • Macedonian: дух (duh)
    • Serbo-Croatian: ду̏х, dȕh
    • Slovene: dȗh (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: duch
      • Czech: duch
        • Bohemian (Chod dialect): duch
    • Kashubian: dëch
    • Polish: duch
    • Slovak: duch
    • Sorbian:
  • → Romanian: duh

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dȗxъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 124: “m. o (c) ‘breath, spirit’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “duxъ duxa”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “c breathing; odor (NA 97; SA 94, 156; PR 137; RPT 97, 102)”
  3. Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1984), “duchъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 5 (drъgati – ďurъka), Wrocław: Ossolineum, →ISBN, page 84
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