< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъxnǫti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *dъxъ (“breath, sniff”) +‎ *-nǫti, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews-. Cognate with Lithuanian dùsti (“to suffocate”) (Eastern dialectal), dvė̃sti (“to breathe, to blow”), dūsė́ti (“to breathe heavily”), dūsúoti (“to breathe heavily”), dū́sauti (“to sigh”); Latvian dust (“to gasp”), dvèst (“to breathe heavily”); Gothic 𐌳𐌹𐌿𐍃 (dius, “wild animal”), English deer.

Verb

*dъxnǫti pf (imperfective *dyšati)[1][2]

  1. to breathe
  2. to blow

Inflection
Conjugation of *dъxnǫti, *dъše, *dъxnetь (?, -C/n-, _/ox-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dъšenьje *dъxnǫti *dъxnǫtъ *dъxlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dъšenъ *dъxnomъ
Active *dъxъ *dъxny
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *dъx(ox)ъ*dъše*dъše *dъxnǫ*dъxneši*dъxnetь
Dual *dъx(ox)ově*dъx(e/os)ta*dъx(e/os)te *dъxnevě*dъxneta*dъxnete
Plural *dъx(ox)omъ*dъx(e/os)te*dъxǫ, *dъxošę *dъxnemъ*dъxnete*dъxnǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *dъxněaxъ*dъxněaše*dъxněaše —*dъxni*dъxni
Dual *dъxněaxově*dъxněašeta*dъxněašete *dъxněvě*dъxněta—
Plural *dъxněaxomъ*dъxněašete*dъxněaxǫ *dъxněmъ*dъxněte—
Conjugation of *dъxnǫti, *dъxnǫ, *dъxnetь (?, -n-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*dъxnovenьje *dъxnǫti *dъxnǫtъ *dъxnǫlъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *dъxnovenъ *dъxnomъ
Active *dъxnǫvъ *dъxny
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *dъxnǫxъ*dъxnǫ*dъxnǫ *dъxnǫ*dъxneši*dъxnetь
Dual *dъxnǫxově*dъxnǫsta*dъxnǫste *dъxnevě*dъxneta*dъxnete
Plural *dъxnǫxomъ*dъxnǫste*dъxnǫšę *dъxnemъ*dъxnete*dъxnǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *dъxněaxъ*dъxněaše*dъxněaše —*dъxni*dъxni
Dual *dъxněaxově*dъxněašeta*dъxněašete *dъxněvě*dъxněta—
Plural *dъxněaxomъ*dъxněašete*dъxněaxǫ *dъxněmъ*dъxněte—
  • *duxati (“to breathe, to blow”)
  • *dvoxati (“to breathe heavily?”)
  • *dyxati (“to breathe”)
  • *duxъ (“breath, spirit”)
  • *dušà (“soul”)
  • *dъxъ (“breathing, breath”)

Derived terms
  • *jьzdъxnǫti (“to breathe out, (figuratively) to die”)
  • *nadъxnǫti (“to excite, to inoculate”)
  • *vъzdъxnǫti (“to sigh”)
  • *vъdъxnǫti (“to inspire”)
    • *vъdъxnovenъ (“inspired”)
    • *vъdъxnovenьje (“inspiration”)
    • *vъdъxnoviteľь (“inspirator”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: дъхнꙋти (dŭxnuti)
      • Belarusian: до́хнуць (dóxnucʹ, “to croak, to die”)
      • Russian: дохну́ть (doxnútʹ, “to breathe, to blow”), до́хнуть (dóxnutʹ, “to croak, to die”)
      • Ukrainian: дохну́ти (doxnúty, “to sigh”), дхну́ти (dxnúty, “to breathe”), до́хнути (dóxnuty, “to croak, to die”)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Cyrillic: дъхнѫти (dŭxnǫti)
      Glagolitic: ⰄⰟⰘⰐⰨⰕⰋ (DŬXNǪTI)
    • Bulgarian: дъ́хна (dǎ́hna)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: да̀хнути
      Latin script: dàhnuti
    • Slovene: dəhníti, dáhniti (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: dchnout, dechnout, tchnout
    • Polish: tchnąć
    • Kashubian: dchnąc, tchnąc
    • Slovak: dochnúť

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дохну́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъxnǫti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 177

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*dъxnǫti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 129: “v. ‘breathe, blow’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “dъxnǫti: dъxnǫ dъxnetь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 211, 260; PR 137)”
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