< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dręzga

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drenskāˀ, of onomatopoeic origin, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰren- (“to buzz”) + *-zgъ.

Probably related to Sanskrit ध्रणति (dhráṇati, “to sound”), Old Irish drésacht (“crackling, noise”), German trensen (“to make a prolonged moo”), Dutch drenzen (“to moan”), Ancient Greek θρῆνος (thrênos, “lamentation for the deceased”), Proto-Germanic *drēnuz (“drone”), Gothic 𐌳𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌾𐌿𐍃 (drunjus, “sound”), Old Prussian droanse (“corncrake”).

Noun

*dręzga f

  1. scuffle, squabble
    Synonyms: *vьrěva, *karanica
Alternative forms
  • *dręzgъ m (possibly)
Declension
Declension of *dręzga (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *dręzga *dręzdzě *dręzgy
genitive *dręzgy *dręzgu *dręzgъ
dative *dręzdzě *dręzgama *dręzgamъ
accusative *dręzgǫ *dręzdzě *dręzgy
instrumental *dręzgojǫ, *dręzgǫ** *dręzgama *dręzgami
locative *dręzdzě *dręzgu *dręzgasъ, *dręzgaxъ*
vocative *dręzgo *dręzdzě *dręzgy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *drьnъ (“clang, tang”)
    • *dьrnъkati (“to clatter”)
Derived terms
  • *dręzgavъ (“hoarse, husky (for voice)”)
  • *dręzgati (“to rattle, to scold, to argue”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: дрязги (drjazgi)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: дрязга (drjazga) (either from Russian or a back-formation from *dręzgavъ)
Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дрязг”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дрезгав¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 424

Etymology 2

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *drengskāˀ, probably equivalent to the e-grade of *drǫgъ (“pole, branch”) +‎ *-zgъ +‎ *-a, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰreng- (“to shove, to drink”)/*dʰrengʰ- (“stake”). Possibly akin to Lithuanian dréngti (“to tear, to rub”)[1] and Proto-Germanic *drankiz (“sth gulped/shoved in one's mouth, drink”), Proto-Germanic *drangijaz (“stake”). In some dialects overlapping with Proto-Slavic *drězga (“murky, muddy place”).

Semantically similar to *dьraka (“bush, scrubs”) but the two are likely unrelated.

Noun

*drę̀zga f

  1. small forest, grove
  2. swamp, damp place
Declension
Declension of *dręzga (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *dręzga *dręzdzě *dręzgy
genitive *dręzgy *dręzgu *dręzgъ
dative *dręzdzě *dręzgama *dręzgamъ
accusative *dręzgǫ *dręzdzě *dręzgy
instrumental *dręzgojǫ, *dręzgǫ** *dręzgama *dręzgami
locative *dręzdzě *dręzgu *dręzgasъ, *dręzgaxъ*
vocative *dręzgo *dręzdzě *dręzgy
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).
  • *dręgati (“to poke”)
Derived terms
  • *dręzgakъ (“grove”)
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Russian: дря́згa (drjázga)
    • Ukrainian: дрáзгa (drázha) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: дрѧзга (dręzga)
    • Bulgarian: дре́зга (drézga), дрезга́ (drezgá)
      • ⇒ Bulgarian: дрезда́к (drezdák), dial. дръзда́к (drǎzdák) (via dissimilation of *-zg- > *-zd- next to *-k-)
  • West Slavic:
    • Polish: drzęzg m (dialectal)
    • Slovak: drezka (“snot, branch”)
    • Sorbian:
      • ⇒ Upper Sorbian: Drežďany (“forest dwellers”)
Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dręzga/dręzgъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 113
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “дрезга”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 423

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2015) “drengti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 139
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