< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-nь

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-nis.

Cognate with Lithuanian -nis, degsnìs, Old Prussian biāsnan (Asg.), Proto-Germanic *-niz and Hittite [script needed] (ḫaneššar), [script needed] (ḫanešnaš, Gen.).[1]

Suffix

*-nь f

  1. Deverbative, creates nouns
    From verbs ending in -V-
    *pěsnь (“song”) ← *pěti (“to sing”)
    *basnь (“tale”) ← *ba- (“to tell”)
    *žiznь (“life”) ← *žiti (“to live”)
    *kuznь (“forge, smithy”) ← *ku- (“to forge”)
    From verbs ending in -a/V-
    *kajaznь (“sorrow”) ← *kajati (“to regret”)
    *prijaznь (“friendship”) ← *prijati (“to favor, to please”)
    From verbs eniding in -C/j-
    *bornь (“standoff, battle”) ← *borti (“to fight, to wrestle”)
    *dolnь (“palm of hand”) ← Pre-Slavic *dolti (“to rub, to wreck”)
    *kolnь (“slaughter”) ← *kolti (“to stab, cleave”)
    technically *dьnь (“day”) ← Pre-Slavic *diti (“to emerge, to brighten”)
    From verbs ending in -ě-, -ě/i-
    *bojaznь (“fear, awe”) ← *bojati (“to fear”)
    *bolěznь (“pain, agony”) ← *bolěti (“to hurt”)
    *grěnь (“blaze”) ← *grěti (“to heat, to shine”)
    *lěnь (“sloth”) ← Pre-Slavic *lětь (“to allow, to let”) (preserved only in adverb form)
    From verbs ending in -a-:
    *dьranь (“tearing, wrench, trash”) ← *dьrati (“to tear”)
    *bьranь (“yield”) ← *bьrati (“to pick up”)
    *zařanь (“morning, dayspring”) ← *ozařati (“to elluminate”)
    *oranь (“plowing”) ← *orati (“to plow”)

Declension
Declension of *-nь (i-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-nь *-ni *-ni
genitive *-ni *-nьju, *-ňu* *-nьjь, *-ni*
dative *-ni *-nьma *-nьmъ
accusative *-nь *-ni *-ni
instrumental *-nьjǫ, *-ňǫ* *-nьma *-nьmi
locative *-ni *-nьju, *-ňu* *-nьxъ
vocative *-ni *-ni *-ni
* The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

See also

Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-nь
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-znь
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-snь

References
  1. Иванов, В. В. (1957) “О значении хеттского языка для сравнительно-исторического исследования славянских языков”, in Вопросы славянского языкознания, number 2, Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House, page 16
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