< Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dyew-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*dyew-[1]

  1. to be bright, to shine
  2. sky, heaven

Derived terms
Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dyew-‎ (74 c, 0 e)

Some derivations have undergone metathesis of the root, giving *deyw-.

  • *dyḗws
  • *dyutkós (“celestial, heavenly”) (+ *tek- (“to obtain, receive”))
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dyukšás
  • *deyn-o-s (“day”) (probably a back-formation from *deywós, interpreting *dey- as the root)
    • Proto-Albanian: *deina
      • Albanian: din (“to break (of dawn)”)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *deinas, *dinas
    • Proto-Germanic: *tīnaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dinám
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dinám
        • Sanskrit: दिन (diná) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *dinos
  • *deywós
  • *déywih₂
  • *diwyós
  • *d(i)wi-n- (possibly)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Proto-Anatolian: *Diw-ōt-s
      • Hittite: [script needed] (šiwatt-, “day”)
      • Luwian: [script needed] (Tiwaz), [script needed] (Tiwad-, “theonym”)
      • Palaic: [script needed] (Tiyaz), [script needed] (Tiyad-, “theonym”)
      • ⇒ Lycian: Τευδιαρμα (“Sun-Moon, given name”)
      • ⇒ Lydian: 𐤯𐤦𐤰𐤣𐤠𐤩𐤦𐤳 (tiudališ, “given name”)
    • Proto-Celtic: *dīyos (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Anatolian:
      • Hittite: 𒅆𒌦𒅀𒋻 (/⁠šiuniyatar⁠/, “divine image, divinity”)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dyú, *diwám, *dyáwš
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dyú, *diwám, *dyáwṣ
        • Sanskrit: द्यु (dyú), दिव (divá, “sky, heaven”), द्यो (dyó, “heaven”)
      • Proto-Iranian: *dyú, *diwám, *dyáwš
        • Sogdian: ܠܝܘܐܟܟ (δēwāk, “heavenly”), ܠܝܘܮܘܢ (δēwγōn, “heavenly”)
        • ⇒ Persian: لیو (liv, “sun”) (δēwāk > *lēwāk > lēw > lēv > līv) (perhaps) [2]
      • ⇒ Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dyumā́
        • Sanskrit: द्युमान् (dyumān)
        • → Proto-Uralic: *juma[3]

References
  1. Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
  2. , Dehkhoda Dictionary,"لیو" entry.
  3. Junttila, Santeri, Kallio, Petri, Holopainen, Sampsa, Kuokkala, Juha, Pystynen, Juho, editors (2020–), “jumala”, in Suomen vanhimman sanaston etymologinen verkkosanakirja‎ (in Finnish), retrieved 2023-01-20

Further reading
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