鞠躬

Chinese

		to bring up; to rear; surname	body; oneself; personally body; oneself; personally; to bow
trad. (鞠躬)		鞠	躬
simp. ^#(鞠躬)		鞠	躬

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jūgōng, júgōng

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄩㄍㄨㄥ, ㄐㄩˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
Cantonese (Jyutping): guk¹ gung¹
Gan (Wiktionary): jiuh⁶ gung¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiuk-kiûng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiok-kiong

(Teochew, Peng'im): giog⁴ giong¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jūgōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyugong
  - Wade–Giles: chü¹-kung¹
  - Yale: jyū-gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiugong
  - Palladius: цзюйгун (czjujgun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy⁵⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
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    居功
    鞠躬
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: júgōng
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄩˊ ㄍㄨㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jyúgong
  - Wade–Giles: chü²-kung¹
  - Yale: jyú-gūng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyugong
  - Palladius: цзюйгун (czjujgun)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕy³⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: guk¹ gung¹
  - Yale: gūk gūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: guk⁷ gung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gug¹ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊk̚⁵ kʊŋ⁵⁵/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: jiuh⁶ gung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕiuʔ⁵ kuŋ⁴²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiuk-kiûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiug` giung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiug⁵ giung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯uk̚² ki̯uŋ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiok-kiong
  - Tâi-lô: kiok-kiong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiokkiofng
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: giog⁴ giong¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiok kiong
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiok̚²⁻⁴ kioŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: kjuwk kjuwng

Rime
Character	鞠	躬
Reading #	1/3	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (4)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	居六切	居戎切
Baxter	kjuwk	kjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨuk̚/	/kɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiuk̚/	/kiuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiuk̚/	/kiuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kuwk̚/	/kuwŋ/
Li Rong	/kiuk̚/	/kiuŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭuk̚/	/kĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯uk̚/	/ki̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ju	jiōng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	guk¹	gung¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kuɡ kuŋ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鞠	躬
Reading #	1/3	1/1
No.	7006	4141
Phonetic component	匊	躬
Rime group	覺	終
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	菊	弓
Old Chinese	/*kuɡ/	/*kuŋ/
Notes		同躳

Verb

鞠⫽躬 (verb-object)

to bow; to make a bow
鞠了一躬 ― jū le yī gōng ― to make a bow (once)

Derived terms

三鞠躬

Adjective

鞠躬

(literary) discreet and scrupulous

Synonyms

不苟 (bùgǒu) (formal)
仔細／仔细 (zǐxì)
嚴／严 (yán)
嚴肅／严肃 (yánsù)
嚴謹／严谨 (yánjǐn)
密切 (mìqiè)
審慎／审慎 (shěnshèn) (formal)
小心 (xiǎoxīn)
慎密 (shènmì)
慎重 (shènzhòng)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
板正 (bǎnzhèng)
正經／正经
當心／当心 (dāngxīn)
精心 (jīngxīn)
精細／精细 (jīngxì)
細心／细心 (xìxīn)
細膩／细腻 (xìnì) (Min)
認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
謹嚴／谨严 (jǐnyán)
謹慎／谨慎 (jǐnshèn)
較真／较真 (jiàozhēn) (colloquial)
過細／过细 (guòxì)

Derived terms

盡瘁鞠躬／尽瘁鞠躬
鞠躬盡瘁／鞠躬尽瘁 (jūgōngjìncuì)
鞠躬盡瘁，死而後已／鞠躬尽瘁，死而后已 (jū gōng jìn cuì, sǐ ér hòu yǐ)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (鞠躬):

→ Japanese: 鞠躬(きっきゅう) (kikkyū)
→ Korean: 국궁(鞠躬) (gukgung)
→ Vietnamese: cúc cung (鞠躬)

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