鞏固

See also: 巩固

Chinese

		secure; solid	hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure
trad. (鞏固)		鞏	固
simp. (巩固)		巩	固

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): gǒnggù

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gung² gu³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khióng-kò͘ / kióng-kò͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: gǒnggù
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄥˇ ㄍㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: gǒnggù
  - Wade–Giles: kung³-ku⁴
  - Yale: gǔng-gù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goongguh
  - Palladius: гунгу (gungu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gung² gu³
  - Yale: gúng gu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gung² gu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: gung² gu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʊŋ³⁵ kuː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khióng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: khióng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qiofngkox
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kióng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: kióng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiofngkox
  - IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kɔ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɔ²¹/

Adjective

鞏固

(usually of abstract concepts) solid; stable; consolidated; strong

Synonyms

堅固／坚固 (jiāngù)
堅實／坚实 (jiānshí)
堅硬／坚硬 (jiānyìng)
扎實
深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
牢 (láo)
牢固 (láogù)
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢靠 (láokào)
瓷 (cí)
穩固／稳固 (wěngù)
結實／结实
緊實／紧实 (jǐnshí)
鞏／巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)

Verb

鞏固

to consolidate; to strengthen; to solidify
為了鞏固學過的知識，你們一定要多做練習。 [MSC, trad.]
为了巩固学过的知识，你们一定要多做练习。 [MSC, simp.]
Wèile gǒnggù xué guò de zhīshí, nǐmen yīdìng yào duō zuò liànxí. [Pinyin]
You should all do more revision to consolidate what you've learnt.

Usage notes

This term is often used with abstract concepts like defense, foundation, knowledge, power, etc.

Synonyms

充實／充实 (chōngshí)
加固 (jiāgù)
加強／加强 (jiāqiáng)
堅定／坚定 (jiāndìng)
增強／增强 (zēngqiáng)
壯／壮
壯大／壮大 (zhuàngdà)
強化／强化 (qiánghuà)

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