牢固

Chinese

		firm; fast	hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure
simp. and trad. (牢固)		牢	固

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): láogù

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˊ ㄍㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁴ gu³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): láu-kò͘ / lô-kò͘

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: láogù
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˊ ㄍㄨˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: láogù
  - Wade–Giles: lao²-ku⁴
  - Yale: láu-gù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lauguh
  - Palladius: лаогу (laogu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯³⁵ ku⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lou⁴ gu³
  - Yale: lòuh gu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁴ gu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁴ gu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯²¹ kuː³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: láu-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: law'kox
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lô-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: lô-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: loi'kox
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /lo¹³⁻²² kɔ²¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lo²⁴⁻²² kɔ²¹/

Middle Chinese: law kuH

Rime
Character	牢	固
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	模 (23)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	魯刀切	古暮切
Baxter	law	kuH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu/	/kuo^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu/	/kuo^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu/	/ko^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law/	/kɔ^H/
Li Rong	/lɑu/	/ko^H/
Wang Li	/lɑu/	/ku^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu/	/kuo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	láo	gù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou⁴	gu³

Adjective

牢固

firm; durable
(figuratively) long-lasting; durable; secure

Synonyms

(firm):

堅固／坚固 (jiāngù)
堅實／坚实 (jiānshí)
堅硬／坚硬 (jiānyìng)
扎實
深厚 (shēnhòu) (figurative, of foundations)
牢 (láo)
牢牢 (láoláo)
牢靠 (láokào)
瓷 (cí)
穩固／稳固 (wěngù)
結實／结实
緊實／紧实 (jǐnshí)
鞏／巩 (gǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
鞏固／巩固 (gǒnggù)

See also

加固 (jiāgù)

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