已而

Chinese

		already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards	and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
simp. and trad. (已而)		已	而
anagram		而已

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yǐ'ér

(Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄦˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁵ ji⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yǐ'ér
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄦˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yǐ-ér
  - Wade–Giles: i³-êrh²
  - Yale: yǐ-ér
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiierl
  - Palladius: иэр (ier)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁵ ji⁴
  - Yale: yíh yìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁵ ji⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁵ yi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː¹³ jiː²¹/

Middle Chinese: yiX|yiH nyi

Rime
Character	已	已	而
Reading #	1/2	2/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)	以 (36)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	羊己切	羊吏切	如之切
Baxter	yiX	yiH	nyi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/	/ȵɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/	/ȵɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ie^X/	/ie^H/	/ȵʑie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/	/ȵɨ/
Li Rong	/iə^X/	/iə^H/	/ȵiə/
Wang Li	/jĭə^X/	/jĭə^H/	/ȵʑĭə/
Bernard Karlgren	/i^X/	/i^H/	/ȵʑi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǐ	yì	ér
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁵	ji⁶	ji⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ɢ(r)əʔ nə/

(Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ njɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	已	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yǐ	ér
Middle Chinese	‹ yi^X ›	‹ nyi ›
Old Chinese	/*ɢ(r)əʔ/	/*nə/
English	cease; already	and, but
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	已	而
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14924	2720
Phonetic component	已	而
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	以	而
Old Chinese	/*lɯʔ/	/*njɯ/
Notes	巳轉註字

Adverb

已而

(Classical) soon; before long

Verb

已而

(Classical) forget it; let it be
Synonym: 算了 (suànle)
- 楚狂接輿歌而過孔子曰：「鳳兮！鳳兮！何德之衰？往者不可諫，來者猶可追。已而，已而！今之從政者殆而！」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  楚狂接舆歌而过孔子曰：「凤兮！凤兮！何德之衰？往者不可谏，来者犹可追。已而，已而！今之从政者殆而！」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Chǔ kuáng Jiē Yú gē ér guò kǒngzǐ yuē: “Fèng xī! Fèng xī! Hé dé zhī shuāi? Wǎng zhě bùkě jiàn, lái zhě yóu kě zhuī. Yǐ'ér, yǐ'ér! Jīn zhī cóngzhèngzhě dài ér!” [Pinyin]
  The madman of Chu, Jie Yu, passed by Confucius, singing and saying, "O Feng! O Feng! How is your virtue degenerated! As to the past, reproof is useless; but the future may still be provided against. Give up your vain pursuit. Give up your vain pursuit. Peril awaits those who now engage in affairs of government."

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