而已

Chinese

		and; as well as; but (not) and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)	already; to stop; then already; to stop; then; afterwards
simp. and trad. (而已)		而	已
anagram		已而

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): éryǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄦˊ ㄧˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁴ ji⁵
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lî-í / jî-í

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: éryǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄦˊ ㄧˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: éryǐ
  - Wade–Giles: êrh²-i³
  - Yale: ér-yǐ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: erlyii
  - Palladius: эри (eri)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤɻ³⁵ i²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁴ ji⁵
  - Yale: yìh yíh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁴ ji⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁴ yi⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²¹ jiː¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lî-í
  - Tâi-lô: lî-í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: li'ie
  - IPA (Taipei): /li²⁴⁻¹¹ i⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /li²⁴⁻²² i⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /li²⁴⁻²² i⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Yilan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jî-í
  - Tâi-lô: jî-í
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ji'ie
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑi¹³⁻²² i⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑi²³⁻³³ i⁴¹/
  - IPA (Yilan): /d͡ʑi²⁴⁻³³ i⁵³/

Middle Chinese: nyi yiX|yiH

Rime
Character	而	已	已
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	以 (36)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	之 (19)	之 (19)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	如之切	羊己切	羊吏切
Baxter	nyi	yiX	yiH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵɨ/	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵɨ/	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑie/	/ie^X/	/ie^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵɨ/	/jɨ^X/	/jɨ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiə/	/iə^X/	/iə^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭə/	/jĭə^X/	/jĭə^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi/	/i^X/	/i^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	ér	yǐ	yì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ji⁴	ji⁵	ji⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nə ɢ(r)əʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*njɯ lɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	而	已
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	ér	yǐ
Middle Chinese	‹ nyi ›	‹ yi^X ›
Old Chinese	/*nə/	/*ɢ(r)əʔ/
English	and, but	cease; already
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	而	已
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2720	14924
Phonetic component	而	已
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	而	以
Old Chinese	/*njɯ/	/*lɯʔ/
Notes		巳轉註字

Adverb

而已

(usually at the end of a phrase) that's all; nothing more; is all
混混日子而已 ― hùnhùn rìzi éryǐ ― to just drift through life

如此而已，豈有他哉！ [MSC, trad.]
如此而已，岂有他哉！ [MSC, simp.]
Rúcǐ éryǐ, qǐ yǒu tā zāi! [Pinyin]
That's all there is to it!

僅此而已。／仅此而已。 ― Jǐn cǐ éryǐ. ― That is all.

Synonyms

云爾／云尔 (yún'ěr) (literary)
但定 (nā-tiāⁿ) (Min Nan)
定定 (Hakka)
爾爾／尔尔 (niā-niā) (Hokkien)
罷了／罢了

Derived terms

僅此而已／仅此而已

Japanese

Kanji in this term
而	已
の Jinmeiyō	み Jinmeiyō

For pronunciation and definitions of 而已 – see the following entry.

【のみ】	[particle] only, limited to [adverb] alone [adverb] merely

(This term, 而已, is an alternative spelling (archaic) of the above term.)

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