地震
Chinese
earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly |
shake; shock; sign in trigram | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (地震) | 地 | 震 | |
| simp. #(地震) | 地 | 震 | |
Pronunciation
Noun
地震
- earthquake (Classifier: 場／场 m; 次 m c)
- 地震活動／地震活动 ― dìzhèn huódòng ― seismic activity
- 發生了大地震，大陸及港、澳、台三地藝人為了救災共襄盛舉，舉辦了多場演唱會。 [MSC, trad.]
- Fāshēng le dà dìzhèn, Dàlù jí Gǎng, Ào, Tái sān dì yìrén wèile jiùzāi gòngxiāngshèngjǔ, jǔbàn le duō chǎng yǎnchànghuì. [Pinyin]
- After the major earthquake, artists from the Mainland, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan all worked together to perform several concerts to collect funds for disaster relief.
发生了大地震，大陆及港、澳、台三地艺人为了救灾共襄盛举，举办了多场演唱会。 [MSC, simp.]
- (figuratively, usually in politics or business) shifting or shuffling of posts
Synonyms
- (literary, or in compounds) 震 (zhèn)
Dialectal synonyms of 地震 (“(to have an) earthquake”) [map]
Derived terms
Descendants
Others:
- → Zhuang: dicin
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 地 | 震 |
| じ Grade: 2 |
しん Grade: S |
| goon | |
/di t͡ɕin/ → /d͡ʑiɕiɴ/
From Old Japanese, in turn from Middle Chinese compound 地震 (MC dijH tsyinH). First cited to a text from 734.[1]
Derived terms
Derived terms
- 地震学 (jishingaku)
- 地震加藤 (Jishin Katō)
- 地震危険担保特約 (jishin kiken tanpo tokuyaku)
- 地震記象 (jishin kishō)
- 地震空白域 (jishin kūhakuiki)
- 地震口 (jishin-guchi)
- 地震計 (jishinkei)
- 地震湖 (jishinko)
- 地震時応力 (jishin-ji ōryoku)
- 地震随伴事象 (jishin zuihan jishō)
- 地震帯 (jishintai)
- 地震探査 (jishin tansa)
- 地震断層 (jishin dansō)
- 地震探鉱 (jishin tankō)
- 地震動 (jishindō)
- 地震の巣 (jishin no su)
- 地震の間 (jishin no ma)
- 地震波 (jishinha)
- 地震売買 (jishin baibai)
- 地震保険 (jishin hoken)
- 地震本部 (Jishin Honbu)
- 地震モーメント (jishin mōmento)
- 地震約款 (jishin yakkan)
- 地震酔い (jishin yoi)
- 地震予知 (jishin yochi)
- アウターライズ地震 (Autāraizu jishin)
- 大地震 (ōjishin)
- 海底地震 (kaitei jishin)
- 火山性地震 (kazan-sei jishin)
- 関東地震 (Kantō jishin)
- 巨大地震 (kyodai jishin)
- 群発地震 (gunpatsu jishin)
- 鉱山地震 (kōzan jishin)
- 構造地震 (kōzō jishin)
- 紺屋の地震 (kōya no jishin)
- 古地震 (kojishin)
- 自然地震 (shizen jishin)
- 小地震 (shō-jishin)
- 人工地震 (jinkō jishin)
- 深発地震 (shinpatsu jishin)
- スロー地震 (surō jishin)
- 先史地震 (senshi jishin)
- 浅発地震 (senpatsu jishin)
- 双発地震 (sōhatsu jishin)
- 大規模地震 (dai-kibo jishin)
- 大地震 (dai-jishin)
- 直下型地震 (chokka-gata jishin)
- 中地震 (chū-jishin)
- 津波地震 (tsunami jishin)
- 低周波地震 (teishūha jishin)
- 東海地震 (Tōkai jishin)
- 内陸地震 (nairiku jishin)
- 南海地震 (Nankai jishin)
- 氷河地震 (hyōga jishin), 氷河性地震 (hyōga-sei jishin)
- 双子地震 (futago jishin)
- プレート境界地震 (purēto kyōkai jishin)
- 無感地震 (mukan jishin)
- 有感地震 (yūkan jishin)
- ゆっくり地震 (yukkuri jishin)
- 誘発地震 (yūhatsu jishin)
- 歴史地震 (rekishi jishin)
- 連動地震 (rendō jishin)
Proverbs
- 地震雷火事親父 (jishin kaminari kaji oyaji, “earthquake, thunder, fire, father → terms in order of fright”)
Related terms
See also
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 地 | 震 |
| ない | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun | |
/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /nai/
From Old Japanese. First cited to 720 in the Nihon Shoki.[1]
Apparently this term semantically first referred to the ground, and was used most in constructions like "the ground shakes". Over time, this shifted via metonymy to refer to the shaking itself.[1]
May be a compound of 土 (na, “ground”, possibly an apophonic form of ni, "earth, soil") + 居 (i, “being”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of 居る (iru, “to be”, in a location; in modern Japanese, used of animate objects)).[1][2]
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [na̠i]
Noun
- [720–???] (obsolete) an earthquake
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)
- 於弥能姑能耶賦能之魔柯枳始陀騰余瀰那為我與釐拠魔耶黎夢之魔柯枳 [Man'yōgana]
- 臣の子の八符の柴垣下動み地が震り来ば破れむ柴垣 [Modern spelling]
- omi no ko no yafu no shibakaki shita-toyomi nai ga yorikoba yaremu shibakaki
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- 1212, Hōjōki[4]
- また、同じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大地震ふること侍き。[...] 恐れのなかに恐るべかりけるは、只地震なりけりとこそ覺え侍しか。[...] よのつね、驚くほどの地震、二三十度ふらぬ日はなし。
- Mata, onaji koro ka to yo, obi-tatashiku ō-nai furu koto saburaki. ...osore no naka ni osoru-bekarikeru wa, tada nai narikeri to koso oboe-ji shi ka. ...yo no tsune, odoroku-hodo no nai, ni-san-jūdo furanu hi wa nashi.
- (please add an English translation of this example)
- また、同じころかとよ、おびたゝしく大地震ふること侍き。[...] 恐れのなかに恐るべかりけるは、只地震なりけりとこそ覺え侍しか。[...] よのつね、驚くほどの地震、二三十度ふらぬ日はなし。
- 720, Nihon Shoki (poem 94)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 地 | 震 |
| なえ | |
| Grade: 2 | Grade: S |
| jukujikun | |
/nawi/ → */nawʲi/ → /naji/ → /naje/ → /nae/
Appears in the Nippo Jisho.
Shift from nai, historical nawi (see above).[1][2] First cited to the late 1400s.[1]
The kanji spelling is jukujikun (熟字訓).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [na̠e̞]
Noun
地震 • (nae)
- [from late 1400s] (obsolete or regional, Kagoshima) an earthquake
- 大きななえが来れば、恐ろしいよ。
- Okina nae ga kureba, osoroshii yo.
- If a big earthquake occurs, it will be terrifying.
- 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 455:[5]
- Naye. ナエ(地震) 地震.Nayega yuru. (地震が揺る) 地震がする.
- 大きななえが来れば、恐ろしいよ。
References
- “地震”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
- Nishio, Minoro (1212) Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei: Hōjōki, Tsurezuregusa, Iwanami Shoten, published 1957, →ISBN
- Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.