傷心

See also: 伤心

Chinese

		injure; injury; wound	heart; mind
trad. (傷心)		傷	心
simp. (伤心)		伤	心

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shāngxīn

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄤㄒㄧㄣ
Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng¹ sam¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sông-sîm

(Meixian, Guangdong): song¹ xim¹
Northern Min (KCR): sióng-séng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): siong-sim / siang-sim

(Teochew, Peng'im): siên¹ sim¹ / sion¹ sim¹
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹saon-sin₁

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shāngxīn
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄤㄒㄧㄣ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shangsin
  - Wade–Giles: shang¹-hsin¹
  - Yale: shāng-syīn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shangshin
  - Palladius: шансинь (šansinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɑŋ⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: soeng¹ sam¹
  - Yale: sēung sām
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soeng¹ sam¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêng¹ sem¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sœːŋ⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sông-sîm
  - Hakka Romanization System: song´ xim´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: song¹ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /soŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: song¹ xim¹
  - Sinological IPA: /sɔŋ⁴⁴ sim⁴⁴/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sióng-séng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siɔŋ⁵⁴ seiŋ⁵⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siong-sim
  - Tâi-lô: siong-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siongsym
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ³³ sim³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siang-sim
  - Tâi-lô: siang-sim
  - Phofsit Daibuun: siangsym
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: siên¹ sim¹ / sion¹ sim¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sieⁿ sim / sioⁿ sim
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sĩẽ³³⁻²³ sim³³/, /sĩõ³³⁻²³ sim³³/

Note:

siên1 sim1 - Chaozhou;
sion1 sim1 - Jieyang.

Wu
- (Shanghai, Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ¹saon-sin₁
  - MiniDict: saon^平 sin^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹saan-sin₁
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sɑ̃⁵⁵ sin²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /sɑ̃⁴⁴ sin/

Middle Chinese: syang sim

Rime
Character	傷	心
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)	侵 (139)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	式羊切	息林切
Baxter	syang	sim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕɨɐŋ/	/siɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕiɐŋ/	/sim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕiɑŋ/	/sjem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕɨaŋ/	/sim/
Li Rong	/ɕiaŋ/	/siəm/
Wang Li	/ɕĭaŋ/	/sĭĕm/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɕi̯aŋ/	/si̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shāng	xīn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	soeng¹	sam¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥aŋ səm/

(Zhengzhang): /*hljaŋ slɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	傷	心
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shāng	xīn
Middle Chinese	‹ syang ›	‹ sim ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥aŋ/	/*səm/
English	wound	heart
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	傷	心
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	14581	13801
Phonetic component	昜	心
Rime group	陽	侵
Rime subdivision	0	1
Corresponding MC rime	商	心
Old Chinese	/*hljaŋ/	/*slɯm/

Adjective

傷心

sad; grieved; brokenhearted
我越想越覺得傷心。 [MSC, trad.]
我越想越觉得伤心。 [MSC, simp.]
Wǒ yuè xiǎng yuè juéde shāngxīn. [Pinyin]
The more I think, the sadder I feel.

Synonyms

京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
刺心 (cìxīn)
哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
哀切 (āiqiè)
哀怨 (āiyuàn)
哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
哀痛 (āitòng)
心酸 (xīnsuān)
怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
悲哀 (bēi'āi)
悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
悲戚 (bēiqī)
悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
悲痛 (bēitòng)
悲苦 (bēikǔ)
感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
慘／惨 (cǎn)
憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
沉痛 (chéntòng)
淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
痛心 (tòngxīn)
艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
酸心 (suānxīn)
難受／难受 (nánshòu)
難過／难过 (nánguò)
青凊 (Hokkien)
黯然 (ànrán)

Verb

傷⫽心 (verb-object) (intransitive)

to break the heart of someone; to make someone sad; to aggrieve
難道你不知道你現在已經傷了很多人的心嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
难道你不知道你现在已经伤了很多人的心吗？ [MSC, simp.]
Nándào nǐ bù zhīdào nǐ xiànzài yǐjīng shāng le hěn duō rén de xīn ma? [Pinyin]
Don’t you know that you have broken the hearts of many people?
- 是故懷戚者聞之，莫不憯懍慘悽，愀愴傷心。 [MSC, trad.]
  是故怀戚者闻之，莫不憯懔惨凄，愀怆伤心。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 《琴賦》(A Composition on the Qin) by Ji Kang (223–262); 1941 translation by Robert van Gulik
  Shìgù huái qī zhě wén zhī, mòbù cǎnlǐn cǎnqī, qiǎochuàng shāngxīn. [Pinyin]
  If the downcast hear this music, they will all be sorrowful and pained, grief will wound their hearts, and they cannot refrain from mournful wails.

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (傷心):

→ Japanese: 傷(しょう)心(しん) (shōshin)
→ Korean: 상심(傷心) (sangsim)
→ Vietnamese: thương tâm (傷心)

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