< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/trudъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *tráudas, from Proto-Indo-European *trewd- (“to squeeze; push; press”). Cognate with Latvian trauds, Lithuanian triusas, Proto-Germanic *þrautaz, *þrautą (“threat, affliction”).

Reconstruction notes

There are reasons for the reconstruction of the accent paradigm c: Old East Slavic бє́з трꙋда (béz truda), по́ трꙋдѣ єго (pó trudě ego) ↔ accent paradigm b: троуда́ (trudá), троудоу̑ (trudȗ), троудо́мъ (trudómŭ), троудѣ̑ (trudě̑).

Noun

*trũdъ m[1][2][3]

  1. labour, effort
  2. workload

Declension
Declension of *trũdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
singular dual plural
nominative *trũdъ *trūdà *trūdì
genitive *trūdà *trūdù *trũdъ
dative *trūdù *trūdòma *trūdòmъ
accusative *trũdъ *trūdà *trūdỳ
instrumental *trūdъ̀mь, *trūdòmь* *trūdòma *trũdy
locative *trūdě̀ *trūdù *trũděxъ
vocative *trude *trūdà *trūdì
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms
  • *truditi (“to toil, to do hard work”)
  • *trudьnъ (“difficult, laborious”)
    • *trudьnostь (“burden, hardship”)
  • *trudovъ (“work-/labour-related”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: трудъ (trudŭ)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:

Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “труд”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*trudъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 498: “m. o (b/c) ‘labour, trouble’”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “trudъ”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (PR 134); b/d (RPT 97, 102) besvær, arbejde”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “trud”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *trȗdъ”
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