< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic
Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/svojь
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
| PIE word |
|---|
| *swé |
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *swajas, from Proto-Indo-European *swoyos from *swé. Cognate with Old Prussian swais, Lithuanian savas, Latvian savs, Latgalian sovs, Latin suus, German sein, Old Norse sik (“oneself”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐍃 (swēs, “one's own”), Sanskrit स्व (sva, “one's own”).
Declension
Declension of *svojь (soft pronominal)
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *svojь | *svoja | *svoje |
| Accusative | *svojь | *svojǫ | *svoje |
| Genitive | *svojego | *svojeję̇ | *svojego |
| Locative | *svojemь | *svojeji | *svojemь |
| Dative | *svojemu | *svojeji | *svojemu |
| Instrumental | *svojimь | *svojejǫ | *svojimь |
| Dual | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svoja | *svoji | *svoji |
| Accusative | *svoja | *svoji | *svoji |
| Genitive | *svojeju | *svojeju | *svojeju |
| Locative | *svojeju | *svojeju | *svojeju |
| Dative | *svojima | *svojima | *svojima |
| Instrumental | *svojima | *svojima | *svojima |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *svoji | *svoję̇ | *svoja |
| Accusative | *svoję̇ | *svoję̇ | *svoja |
| Genitive | *svojixъ | *svojixъ | *svojixъ |
| Locative | *svojixъ | *svojixъ | *svojixъ |
| Dative | *svojimъ | *svojimъ | *svojimъ |
| Instrumental | *svojimi | *svojimi | *svojimi |
Declension of the personal pronouns
| Singular | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | *jãzъ, *jà | *ty̑ | — |
| Accusative | *mę̑ | *tę̑ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *mȅne | *tȅbe | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *mьně̀ | *tebě̀ | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *mьně̀, *mi | *tebě̀, *ti | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *mъnòjǫ, *mъnojǫ̀ | *tobòjǫ, *tobojǫ̀ | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *mojь | *tvojь | *svojь |
| Dual | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
| Nominative | *vě̑ | *vȃ | — |
| Accusative | *nȃ | *vȃ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *nàju | *vàju | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *nàju | *vàju | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *nàma, *na | *vàma, *va | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *nàma | *vàma | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
| Plural | 1st person | 2nd person | Reflexive |
| Nominative | *my̑ | *vy̑ | — |
| Accusative | *ny̑ | *vy̑ | *sę̑ |
| Genitive | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sȅbe |
| Locative | *nàsъ | *vàsъ | *sebě̀ |
| Dative | *nàmъ, *ny | *vàmъ, *vy | *sebě̀, *si |
| Instrumental | *nàmi | *vàmi | *sobòjǫ, *sobojǫ̀ |
| Possessive | *našь | *vašь | *svojь |
Derived terms
- *svobь
- *svobodà (“freedom”)
- *svojakъ (“relative, cousin”)
- *svojatъ (“intrinsic to oneself”)
- *svojьtьba (“family, kin, relatives”)
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
Further reading
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “свой”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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