< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/jьkra

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Meaning of roe is inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic *ikrā́ˀ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Hyékʷr̥, from *Hyekʷ-. Cognates include Latvian ikri, Lithuanian ìkras.

Noun

*jьkrà f[1]

  1. roe, spawn, caviar
  2. calf (back of the leg)

Alternative forms
  • *jьkro

Declension
Declension of *jьkrà (hard a-stem, accent paradigm c)
singular dual plural
nominative *jьkrà *jь̏krě *jь̏kry
genitive *jьkrý *jьkrù *jь̀krъ
dative *jьkrě̀ *jьkràma *jьkràmъ
accusative *jь̏krǫ *jь̏krě *jь̏kry
instrumental *jьkrojǫ́ *jьkràma *jьkràmi
locative *jь̏krě *jьkrù *jьkràsъ, *jьkràxъ*
vocative *jьkro *jь̏krě *jь̏kry
* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.

Derived terms

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: икра (ikra, “roe, caviar; ice floe”)
      • Old Ruthenian: икра́ (ikrá)
        • Belarusian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe”)
        • Carpathian Rusyn: икра́ (ykrá, “caviar, roe”)
        • Ukrainian: ікра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; cow udder”)
          • ⇒ Ukrainian: ікри́ця f (ikrýcja, “caviar, roe”) (obsolete, dialectal)
          • ⇒ Ukrainian: гыкра́к m (hykrák, “fish with roe”) (West Polesian dialect)
          • ⇒ Ukrainian: кри́ц’а f (krýcʺa, “hard oily clay; cast iron”) (Boyko dialect)
      • Russian: икра́ (ikrá, “caviar, roe; fine ice floes; calf”); икро́ n (ikró) (dialectal)
        • ⇒ Russian: икри́на f (ikrína), кри́на f (krína, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
        • ⇒ Russian: икри́ца f (ikríca, “calf”), крица f (krica, “ice floe”) (dialectal)
    • ⇒ Old East Slavic: кра f (kra, “ice floe, thin ice on the river”) (via contraction)
      • ⇒ Old Ruthenian: кри́га (kríha, “ice floe”)
      • Russian: кра f (kra, “ice floe”) (archaic)
    • Old Novgorodian: ікра (ikra)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic:
      Old Cyrillic script: икра (ikra)
      Glagolitic script: ⰻⰽⱃⰰ (ikra)
      • Bulgarian: и́кра (íkra); и́кро n (íkro) (dialectal)
      • Church Slavonic: икра (ikra) (Russian)
    • Macedonian: икра (ikra)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: и̏кра
      Latin script: ȉkra
      ⇒ Cyrillic script: и̏крица (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)
      ⇒ Latin script: ȉkrica (“one egg (roe)”) (diminutive)
    • Slovene: íkra (“roe; scales”)
      • ⇒ Slovene: íkrica (“spangle”) (diminutive)
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kra (“lump, clod”)
      • Czech: jikra; ikra (“roe”), ikro n (“calf”), jikro n (dialectal); kra (“ice floe”)
    • Kashubian: jikro; kro
    • Polabian: jåkră
    • Old Polish: ikro n
      • Polish: ikra f; ikro n, kro n; kra f (“ice floe”); ’ikrᵘ̯o (“roe; calf”) (dialectal)
        • ⇒ Polish: krzyca f (“rye variety”)
    • Slovak: ikra; ikro (“calf”) (dialectal)
    • Sorbian:

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1981), “*jьkra / *jьkro”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 8 (*xa – *jьvьlga), Moscow: Nauka, page 217
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “икра́”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*jьkrà; *jьkro”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 210: “f. ā; n. o (c) ‘roe, spawn, (anat.) calf ’”
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