< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/drъgati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewg-/*dʰrewgʰ- (“to shake off, to drain”), related to Lithuanian drugỹs (“fever; butterfly”), Latvian drudzis (“fever”). Further akin to Proto-Germanic *druknijaną, *drūgijaną (“to dry”).

In some dialects, the descendants of *drъgati have merged with those of Proto-Slavic *dьrgati (“to scratch”).

Verb

*drъgati impf (perfective *drъgnǫti)[1]

  1. (intransitive) to tremble, to tremor
  2. (transitive) to shake, to jerk

Alternative forms
  • *drygati (vr̥ddhi) (in Ruthenian: possibly from regular syllabalization of *-rъ- > *-r̥- > *-ry-)

Conjugation
Conjugation of *drъgati, *drъga, *drъgajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ati
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*drъganьje *drъgati *drъgatъ *drъgalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *drъganъ *drъgajemъ
Active *drъgavъ *drъgaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *drъgaxъ*drъga*drъga *drъgajǫ*drъgaješi*drъgajetь
Dual *drъgaxově*drъgasta*drъgaste *drъgajevě*drъgajeta*drъgajete
Plural *drъgaxomъ*drъgaste*drъgašę *drъgajemъ*drъgajete*drъgajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *drъgaaxъ*drъgaaše*drъgaaše —*drъgaji*drъgaji
Dual *drъgaaxově*drъgaašeta*drъgaašete *drъgajivě*drъgajita—
Plural *drъgaaxomъ*drъgaašete*drъgaaxǫ *drъgajimъ*drъgajite—
  • *drъžь, *drъžati
  • *drъgъtъ (“jerk, convulsion”)
    • *drъgъtati (“to jerk”)
  • *drъgъva (“sinkhole, swamp, moor”)
  • *drъgъkъ (“trembling”)
  • *druzgati (“to stomp, to shake off”)

Descendants
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: дры́гаць (drýhacʹ)
    • Russian: дро́гать (drógatʹ, “to shake”), дры́гать (drýgatʹ, “to jerk”)
    • >? Ukrainian: дрига́ти (dryháty, “to mill”) (dialectal)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: дъ́ргам (dǎ́rgam, “to shake, to jolt”) (partially)
    • ⇒ Serbo-Croatian: dŕhtati; dȑkati (“to masturbate”) (partially?)
    • ⇒ Slovene: dŕgati; dȓkati (“to masturbate”) (partially?)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: drhati (“to tremble, shiver”) (rare)
    • Polish: drgać, drygać
    • Silesian: dyrgać
    • Slovak: drgať

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*drъgati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 122

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*drъgati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 137
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “дрыгать”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “дригати”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “drgȅt”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
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