< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/bičati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Denominal from *bičь (“lash”) +‎ *-ěti. In modern descendants, inchoative variant in *-ovati is more widely attested.

Onomatopoeic semantics is attested as secondary meaning of Slovene bīčati (“to squeak, to tweet”), Bulgarian би́цам (bícam, “to make noise with one's cheeks”).

Verb

*bičati impf

  1. to scourge, to jab
    Synonym: *šibati

Alternative forms
  • *bičevati (inchoative)
  • *bikati, *bicati (a-conj., possibly)
    • >? Bulgarian: би́цам (bícam, “to poke”)

Conjugation
Conjugation of *bičati, *biča, *bičitь (impf., -ě/i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*bičanьje *bičati *bičatъ *bičalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *bičanъ *bičimъ
Active *bičavъ *bičę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *bičaxъ*biča*biča *bičǫ*bičiši*bičitь
Dual *bičaxově*bičasta*bičaste *bičivě*bičita*bičite
Plural *bičaxomъ*bičaste*bičašę *bičimъ*bičite*bičętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *bičaaxъ*bičaaše*bičaaše —*biči*biči
Dual *bičaaxově*bičaašeta*bičaašete *bičivě*bičita—
Plural *bičaaxomъ*bičaašete*bičaaxǫ *bičimъ*bičite—
Conjugation of *bičati, *biča, *bičajetь (impf., -ě-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Suffix: *-ěti
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*bičanьje *bičati *bičatъ *bičalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *bičanъ *bičajemъ
Active *bičavъ *bičaję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *bičaxъ*biča*biča *bičajǫ*bičaješi*bičajetь
Dual *bičaxově*bičasta*bičaste *bičajevě*bičajeta*bičajete
Plural *bičaxomъ*bičaste*bičašę *bičajemъ*bičajete*bičajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *bičaaxъ*bičaaše*bičaaše —*bičaji*bičaji
Dual *bičaaxově*bičaašeta*bičaašete *bičajivě*bičajita—
Plural *bičaaxomъ*bičaašete*bičaaxǫ *bičajimъ*bičajite—

Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: би́ча (bíča, “to jab”) (dialectal, possibly)
    • Serbo-Croatian: (obsolete, superceded by бичевати, bičevati)
      Cyrillic script: би̏чати
      Latin script: bȉčati[1]
    • Slovene: bīčati (“to scourge”)[2]

References
  1. “Proto-Slavic/bičati” in Hrvatski jezični portal
  2. Snoj, Marko (2016) “bīčati”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si
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