< Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic

Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/waral-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Very likely a borrowing, in consideration of the consonant pairing, which is, barring perhaps a breakdown of a quadriconsonantal or any such arbitrary occurrence, impossible, whether it be r and l or r and n, as there is a strict rule[1][2] that the second and third consonant of a triconsonantal Semitic root can only be identical but not otherwise homorganic; whereas a Proto-Hurro-Urartian origin is thinkable, compare *kinnār- and خُلَّر (ḵullar).

Noun

*waral- m

  1. monitor lizard

Inflection
Declension of *waral-
Case Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *waralum *waralāna plural stem + *-ūna
Genitive *waralim *waralayna plural stem + *-īna
Accusative *waralam
possessive forms
1st person *waralī / *waralVya — *waralVni
2nd person m *waralVka *waralVkumā / *waralVkumay *waralVkum(ū)
2nd person f *waralVki *waralVkin(ā)
3rd person m *waralVšu *waralVšumā / *waralVšumay *waralVšum(ū)
3rd person f *waralVša *waralVšin(ā)
Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *waraluya for nom. case, *waraliya for gen. case, *waralaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *waral-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *waraluka *waralāka plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive *waralika *waralayka plural stem + *-īka
Accusative *waralaka
Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *waral-
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative *waraluki *waralāki plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive *waraliki *waralayki plural stem + *-īki
Accusative *waralaki

Descendants
  • East Semitic:
    • Akkadian: 𒌨𒉡 (urnum)
  • West Semitic:
    • Central Semitic:
      • Arabic: وَرَل (waral), وَرَن (waran)
      • Northwest Semitic:
        • Aramaic:
          Jewish Literary Aramaic, Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: יַלָּא (yallā), יָלָא (yālā)
        • Canaanite:
          • Phoenician: *𐤉𐤋 (*yl /⁠*yūl⁠/)
            • → Ancient Greek: ἴουλος (íoulos, “catkin; woodlouse; the first growth of the whiskers and beard; corn-sheaf”)
              • → Latin: iūlus (“catkin; woodlouse; rainbow wrasse”)
    • Modern South Arabian:
      • Harsusi: rewōl
      • Mehri: rəwōl

References
  • Löw, Immanuel (1912) “Aramäische Lurchnamen”, in Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und verwandte Gebiete‎ (in German), volume 26, pages 129–132
  • Militarev, Alexander, Kogan, Leonid (2005) Semitic Etymological Dictionary, volume II: Animal Names, Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 316–317, Nr. 246
  • Zimmern, Heinrich (1915) Akkadische Fremdwörter als Beweis für babylonischen Kultureinfluss (in German), Leipzig: A. Edelmann, page 52, considers it foreign in Akkadian and Syriac and Arabic borrowed thence, but a borrowing could only have happened early in view of the Northwest Semitic change w → y.
  1. Greenberg, Joseph Harold (1950) “The Patterning of Root Morphemes in Semitic”, in Word‎, volume 6, number 2, →DOI, page 162, point 2
  2. Vernet i Pons, Eulàlia (2011 March 1) “Semitic Root Incompatibilities and Historical Linguistics”, in Journal of Semitic Studies, volume 56, number 1, →DOI, page 4
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