Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/ari

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Japonic

Alternative reconstructions

*ami
*ani

Noun

*ari

ant

Descendants

Old Japanese: 蟻 (ari)
- Japanese: 蟻 (ari)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *ari
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: (< *ani)
    Aden: 蟻 (āī̃) (tone class AB)
    Araki: 蟻 (ani) (tone class AB)
    Kamikatetsu: 蟻 (ai) (tone class AB)
    Nakasato: 蟻 (ani) (tone class AB)
    Onotsu: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class A)
    Sakamine: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class AB)
    Shiomichi: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class AB)
    Shitōke: 蟻 (ānī) (tone class A)
    Wan: 蟻 (ani) (tone class AB)
  - Kunigami:
    Nakijin: 蟻 (ai) (tone class A)
    Oku: 蟻 (ani)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: (< *ami, *ani)
    Sani: 蟻 (an)
    Yamatohama: 蟻 (ami)
    Yuwan: 蟻 (an)
  - Okinawan: (< *ari, *ariwa)
    Shuri: 蟻 (ai, ayā) (tone class A)
  - Oki-No-Erabu: (< *ani)
    Kamishiro: 蟻 (ani)
    Kunigami: 蟻 (ani) (tone class A)
  - Southern Amami-Oshima: (< *ani)
    Koniya: 蟻 (an)
    Shodon: 蟻 (an, ani) (tone class A)
    Yoro: 蟻 (an)
  - Toku-No-Shima: (< *ami, *ani)
    Inō: 蟻 (anï)
    Isen: 蟻 (ami)
    San: 蟻 (ami)
  - Yoron: 蟻 (anku) (< *aniko)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: (< *ari, *aka-ari, *arigara)
    Bora: 蟻 (akāz, azgara)
    Hirara: 蟻 (āz, akāz)
    Ikema: 蟻 (akai)
    Irabu: 蟻 (ahāz)
    Karimata: 蟻 (hāï)
    Kugai: 蟻 (akāz)
    Kuninaka: 蟻 (akāl)
    Kurima: 蟻 (akal, akaz)
    Ōgami: 蟻 (ffāï) (< *kuro-ari)
    Ōura: 蟻 (hāz)
    Sarahama: 蟻 (akai)
    Sawada: 蟻 (āl, akāl)
    Shimajiri: 蟻 (axaz)
    Tarama: 蟻 (akal)
    Uechi: 蟻 (akāl)
    Uruka: 蟻 (azgara)
    Yonaha: 蟻 (akāz)
  - Yaeyama: (< *ari, *ariwa)
    Hateruma: 蟻 (āri) (tone class A)
    Hatoma: 蟻 (āru)
    Ishigaki: 蟻 (āra) (tone class A)
    Kohama: 蟻 (āra)
    Kuroshima: 蟻 (arï)
    Taketomi: 蟻 (ai)
  - Yonaguni: 蟻 (aya) (< *ariwa) (tone class C)

Verb

*ari (infinitive *ari, attributive *aru)

to exist, to be
to have

Descendants

Old Japanese: 有り (ari)
- Japanese: 有る (aru)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *ari
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 有い (ai)
  - Kunigami: 有ん (an)
  - Northern Amami-Oshima: 有り (ari)
  - Okinawan: 有ん (an)
  - Oki-No-Erabu: 有ん (an)
  - Southern Amami-Oshima: 有むっ (am)
  - Toku-No-Shima: 有い (ai)
  - Yoron: 有ゆん (ayun)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 有ーㇲ゙ (āz)
  - Yaeyama: 有ん (an)
  - Yonaguni: 有ん (an)

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