< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/selkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *selǵ- (“to let go, send”), Cognate with Sanskrit सृजति (sṛjáti, “to send off, discharge”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈsel.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*selkaną[1]

  1. to trickle, drip
  2. to be slow, to languish

Inflection
Conjugation of *selkaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *selkō*selkaų—*selkai ?
2nd singular *silkizi*selkaiz*selk*selkazai*selkaizau
3rd singular *silkidi*selkai*selkadau*selkadai*selkaidau
1st dual *selkōz*selkaiw———
2nd dual *selkadiz*selkaidiz*selkadiz——
1st plural *selkamaz*selkaim—*selkandai*selkaindau
2nd plural *silkid*selkaid*silkid*selkandai*selkaindau
3rd plural *selkandi*selkain*selkandau*selkandai*selkaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *salk*sulkį̄
2nd singular *salht*sulkīz
3rd singular *salk*sulkī
1st dual *sulkū*sulkīw
2nd dual *sulkudiz*sulkīdiz
1st plural *sulkum*sulkīm
2nd plural *sulkud*sulkīd
3rd plural *sulkun*sulkīn
present past
participles *selkandz*sulkanaz

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *selkan
    • Old English: *seolcan
      • ⇒ Old English: āseolcan (“to be slow; be weak or slothful; languish”)
      • ⇒ Old English: *beseolcan
        • ⇒ Old English: besolcen (past participle)
      • ⇒ Old English: *solcen, *ġesolcen (past participle)
        • Middle English: *solken, *solke
          • ⇒ English: sulky (“limp, droopy”)
            • ⇒ English: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
            • ⇒ Scots: sulk (verb) (back-formation)
    • Old High German: *selkan
      • Middle High German: selken
        • ⇒ Middle High German: verselken, versëlken
      • ⇒ Old High German: irselkan
    • ⇒ Old High German: giselkēn
    • ⇒ Old High German: selkenēn

References
  1. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*selkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 324
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