< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/galaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʰel- (“to shout, cry”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑ.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*galaną[1][2][3]

  1. to shout, yell
  2. to charm, sing

Inflection
Conjugation of *galaną (strong class 6)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *galō*galaų—*galai ?
2nd singular *galizi*galaiz*gal*galazai*galaizau
3rd singular *galidi*galai*galadau*galadai*galaidau
1st dual *galōz*galaiw———
2nd dual *galadiz*galaidiz*galadiz——
1st plural *galamaz*galaim—*galandai*galaindau
2nd plural *galid*galaid*galid*galandai*galaindau
3rd plural *galandi*galain*galandau*galandai*galaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *gōl*gōlį̄
2nd singular *gōlt*gōlīz
3rd singular *gōl*gōlī
1st dual *gōlū*gōlīw
2nd dual *gōludiz*gōlīdiz
1st plural *gōlum*gōlīm
2nd plural *gōlud*gōlīd
3rd plural *gōlun*gōlīn
present past
participles *galandz*galanaz

Derived terms

Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *galan
    • Old English: galan
      • Middle English: galen
    • Old Saxon: galan
    • Old Dutch: *galan
    • Old High German: galan, kalan
      • >? Middle High German: golen, goln
      • ⇒ Middle High German: begalen
      • ⇒? Old High German: galt (“(of cows) not milch, infertile”, past participle) (from the belief that sterile or un-milch cows are bewitched)
        • Middle High German: galt
          • Alemannic German: galt (“(of cows) not milch”)
            Swabian: gall (“(of sheep) not pregnant”)
          • Bavarian:
            Carinthian: galt (“(of cows) infertile or pregnant (therefore not milch)”)
            Cimbrian: galt (“(of cows) not milch; (of cows and human women) infertile”)
            ⇒? Tyrolean: galt (“unfarmed land”)
          • >? German: gelt (“(of non-human animals) infertile”)
          • ⇒ Middle High German: galte (“one-year-old calf”)
            • Alemannic German: Galti (“two-year-old cow that has not yet become pregnant”)
  • Old Norse: gala

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*galan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
  2. Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*ʒalanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 123
  3. Seebold, Elmar (1970) “GAL-A-”, in Vergleichendes und etymologisches Wörterbuch der germanischen starken Verben (Janua Linguarum. Series practica; 85) (in German), Paris, Den Haag: Mouton, →ISBN, page 212
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