하얗다

Korean

Etymology

First attested in the Bullyu dugongbu si eonhae (分類杜工部詩諺解 / 분류두공부시언해), 1481, as Middle Korean 하〮야ᄒᆞ다〮 (Yale: háyàhòtá).

Pronunciation
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ˈha̠(ː)ja̠tʰa̠]
  • Phonetic hangul: [하(ː)야타]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.
Romanizations
Revised Romanization?hayata
Revised Romanization (translit.)?hayahda
McCune–Reischauer?hayat'a
Yale Romanization?hā.yahta

Adjective

하얗다 • (hayata) (irregular, infinitive 하얘, sequential 하야니)

  1. white, pure white, pale
    Antonym: 까맣다 (kkamata, “black”)
    그녀는 살이 참 하얗다. ― Geunyeo-neun sar-i cham hayata. ― She is very fair-skinned.
    대지는 서리가 내려 하얗다. ― Daeji-neun seori-ga naeryeo hayata. ― The ground is white with frost.
  2. in swarms, in crowds, in flocks
    하얗게 몰려들다 ― hayake mollyeodeulda ― gathering in a crowd
  3. (staying up) all night
    우리는 하얗게 밤을 지새우고 함께 해가 뜨는 것을 지켜보았다.
    Uri-neun hayake bam-eul jisae'ugo hamkke hae-ga tteuneun geos-eul jikyeoboatda.
    We stayed up all night and watched the sun rise together.

Conjugation
    Selected forms of the adjective 하얗다 (hayata): consonant-stem, ㅎ(h)-irregular
Sentence-final forms
Formal non-polite
(해라체)		 Informal non-polite
(해체)		 Informal polite
(해요체)		 Formal polite
(하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 하얗다
hayata		 하얘
hayae		 하얘요
hayaeyo		 하얗습니다
hayaseumnida
Past 하얬다
hayaetda		 하얬어
hayaesseo		 하얬어요
hayaesseoyo		 하얬습니다
hayaetseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 하야냐
hayanya		 하얘
hayae		 하얘요
hayaeyo		 하얗습니까
hayaseumnikka
Past 하얬냐
hayaennya		 하얬어
hayaesseo		 하얬어요
hayaesseoyo		 하얬습니까
hayaetseumnikka
Assertive 하얗겠다
hayaketda		하얗겠어
hayakesseo		하얗겠어요
hayakesseoyo		하얗겠습니다
hayaketseumnida
Connective forms
Cause/Reason 하얘
hayae		하얘서
hayaeseo		하야니
hayani		하야니까
hayanikka
Contrast 하얗지만
hayachiman		하얀데
hayande		하얗더니
hayateoni
Conjunction 하얗고
hayako
Condition 하야면
hayamyeon		하얘야
hayaeya
Noun and determiner forms
Verbal nouns 하얌
hayam		하얗기
hayaki
Past-tense verbal nouns 하얬음
hayaesseum		하얬기
hayaetgi
Determiners Present 하얀
hayan
Future 하얄
hayal


Sentence-final forms with honorific
Plain (해라체) Informal (해체) Polite (해요체) Formal (하십시오체)
Indicative Non-past 하야시다
hayasida		 하야셔
hayasyeo		 하야세요, 하야셔요
hayaseyo, hayasyeoyo		 하야십니다
hayasimnida
Past 하야셨다
hayasyeotda		 하야셨어
hayasyeosseo		 하야셨어요
hayasyeosseoyo		 하야셨습니다
hayasyeotseumnida
Interrogative Non-past 하야시냐
hayasinya		 하야셔
hayasyeo		 하야세요, 하야셔요
hayaseyo, hayasyeoyo		 하야십니까
hayasimnikka
Past 하야셨냐
hayasyeonnya		 하야셨어
hayasyeosseo		 하야셨어요
hayasyeosseoyo		 하야셨습니까
hayasyeotseumnikka
Assertive 하야시겠다
hayasigetda		하야시겠어
hayasigesseo		하야시겠어요
hayasigesseoyo		하야시겠습니다
hayasigetseumnida
Connective forms with honorific
Cause/Reason 하야셔
hayasyeo		하야셔서
hayasyeoseo		하야시니
hayasini		하야시니까
hayasinikka
Contrast 하야시지만
hayasijiman		하야신데
hayasinde		하야시더니
hayasideoni
Conjunction 하야시고
hayasigo
Condition 하야시면
hayasimyeon		하야셔야
hayasyeoya
Noun and determiner forms with honorific
Verbal nouns 하야심
hayasim		하야시기
hayasigi
Past-tense verbal nouns 하야셨음
hayasyeosseum		하야셨기
hayasyeotgi
Determiners Present 하야신
hayasin
Future 하야실
hayasil

Synonyms
  • 희다 (huida, “white”)
  • 허옇다 (heoyeota, “white, pale”) (heavy variant)
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