闕如

Chinese

		imperial city; deficiency	as (if); such as
trad. (闕如)		闕	如
simp. (阙如)		阙	如

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): quērú

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄩㄝㄖㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kyut³ jyu⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: quērú
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄩㄝㄖㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cyuerú
  - Wade–Giles: chʻüeh¹-ju²
  - Yale: chywē-rú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiueru
  - Palladius: цюэжу (cjuežu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰy̯ɛ⁵⁵ ʐu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: kyut³ jyu⁴
  - Yale: kyut yùh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kyt⁸ jy⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: küd³ yu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyːt̚³ jyː²¹/

Middle Chinese: khjwot nyo|nyoH

Rime
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	元 (68)	魚 (22)	魚 (22)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III	III
Fanqie	去月切	人諸切	人恕切
Baxter	khjwot	nyo	nyoH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰʉɐt̚/	/ȵɨʌ/	/ȵɨʌ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰʷiɐt̚/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiuɐt̚/	/ȵʑiɔ/	/ȵʑiɔ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰuat̚/	/ȵɨə̆/	/ȵɨə̆^H/
Li Rong	/kʰiuɐt̚/	/ȵiɔ/	/ȵiɔ^H/
Wang Li	/kʰĭwɐt̚/	/ȵʑĭo/	/ȵʑĭo^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/kʰi̯wɐt̚/	/ȵʑi̯wo/	/ȵʑi̯wo^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	que	rú	rù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hyut³	jyu⁴	jyu⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kʷʰat na/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʰod nja|njas/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	què	rú	rú
Middle Chinese	‹ khjwot ›	‹ nyo ›	‹ nyo ›
Old Chinese	/*kʷʰat/	/*na/	/*na/
English	tower over gate	go to	as, like, if
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	闕	如	如
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	7240	9623	9631
Phonetic component	欮	女	女
Rime group	月	魚	魚
Rime subdivision	3	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	闕	如	洳
Old Chinese	/*kʰod/	/*nja/	/*njas/

Verb

闕如

(literary) to lack
(literary) to leave unanswered due to limitations of one's own knowledge

Synonyms

不夠／不够 (bùgòu)
不敷 (bùfū) (literary)
不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)
不足 (bùzú)
乏達／乏达 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
欠 (qiàn)
欠缺 (qiànquē)
短少 (duǎnshǎo)
短缺 (duǎnquē)
絕乏／绝乏 (juéfá) (literary)
缺乏 (quēfá)
缺如 (quērú) (literary)
缺少 (quēshǎo)
缺欠 (quēqiàn)
缺缺 (Xiamen Hokkien)
虧／亏 (kuī)
貧／贫 (pín) (literary, or in compounds)
闕乏／阙乏 (quēfá) (literary)

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