老者

Chinese

		old; aged; venerable old; aged; venerable; outdated; experienced; (affectionate prefix)	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does sth)
trad. (老者)		老	者
simp. ^#(老者)		老	者

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lǎozhě

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lou⁵ ze²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lǎozhě [Phonetic: láozhě]
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄓㄜˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lǎojhě
  - Wade–Giles: lao³-chê³
  - Yale: lǎu-jě
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: laojee
  - Palladius: лаочжэ (laočžɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lou⁵ ze²
  - Yale: lóuh jé
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lou⁵ dze²
  - Guangdong Romanization: lou⁵ zé²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lou̯¹³ t͡sɛː³⁵/

Middle Chinese: lawX tsyaeX

Rime
Character	老	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	盧晧切	章也切
Baxter	lawX	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑu^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑu^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑu^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/law^X/	/cia^X/
Li Rong	/lɑu^X/	/t͡ɕia^X/
Wang Li	/lɑu^X/	/t͡ɕĭa^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/lɑu^X/	/t͡ɕi̯a^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lǎo	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lou⁵	ze²

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuʔ tAʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ruːʔ tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	老	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lǎo	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ law^X ›	‹ tsyæ^X ›
Old Chinese	/*C.rˁuʔ/	/*tAʔ/
English	old	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	老	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7666	16960
Phonetic component	老	者
Rime group	幽	魚
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	老	者
Old Chinese	/*ruːʔ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水，爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

老者

(literary) old person; old people

Synonyms

家先生 (Hakka, polite, term of address)
老人 (lǎorén)
老人家 (polite, term of address)
老大人 (Hokkien, polite, term of address)
老年人 (lǎoniánrén)
黃髮／黄发 (huángfà) (literary)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (老者):

→ Japanese: 老者(ろうしゃ) (rōsha)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
老	者
ろう Grade: 4	しゃ Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
老者 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ろーしゃ [róꜜòshà] (Atamadaka – [1])[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾo̞ːɕa̠]

Noun

老(ろう)者(しゃ) • (rōsha) ^{←らうしゃ (rausya)^?}

old person; elderly

Synonyms

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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