沢山

See also: 澤山

Japanese
Kanji in this term
沢 山
たく
Grade: S
(ateji)		 さん
Grade: 1
(ateji)
kan’on
Alternative spelling
澤山 (kyūjitai)

Etymology 1

First appears in The Tale of the Heike (c. late 12th century).

Origin unknown,[1] kanji spelling appears to be phonetic ateji (当て字)

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) たくさ​ん [tàkúsáꜜǹ] (Nakadaka – [3])[2][3] for adjective and noun senses
  • (Tokyo) たくさん [tàkúsáń] (Heiban – [0])[2][3] for adverb sense
  • IPA(key): [ta̠kɯ̟̊ᵝsã̠ɴ]

Adjective

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) †-nari

  1. (Classical Japanese) many, numerous

Noun

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) 

  1. much, many, a lot
Usage notes
  • In classical Japanese, used with なる (naru) to modify nouns:
    沢山(たくさん)なる人々(ひとびと) ― takusan naru hitobito ― many people
  • In modern Japanese, used with the particle の (no) to modify nouns:
    沢山(たくさん)の人々(ひとびと) ― takusan no hitobito ― many people
Synonyms
Derived terms
  • 沢(たく)山(さん)そう (takusansō)

Adverb

沢(たく)山(さん) • (takusan) 

  1. much, a great deal, liberally, a lot
Usage notes
  • Unlike many other adjectival nouns that have adverbial senses, 沢山 as an adverb omits the particle に (ni) when used before a verb. Compare:
    Correct:  ケーキを静(しず)かに食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o shizuka ni tabemashita. ― We ate cake quietly.
    Incorrect:  ケーキを静(しず)か食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o shizuka tabemashita. ― We quiet ate cake.
    Incorrect:  ケーキを沢山(たくさん)に食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o takusan ni tabemashita. ― We ate cake manily.
    Correct:  ケーキを沢山(たくさん)食(た)べました。 ― Kēki o takusan tabemashita. ― We ate a lot of cake.

Suffix

沢(たく)山(さん) • (-takusan) 

  1. more than enough
Derived terms
Derived terms
  • 具(ぐ)沢(だく)山(さん) (gudakusan)
  • 小(こ)沢(だく)山(さん) (kodakusan)
  • 子(こ)沢(だく)山(さん) (kodakusan)
  • 水(みず)沢(だく)山(さん) (mizu-dakusan)
  • 盛(もり)沢(だく)山(さん),盛(も)り沢(だく)山(さん) (moridakusan)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
沢 山
さわ
Grade: S		 やま
Grade: 1
kun’yomi
Alternative spelling
澤山 (kyūjitai)

First appeared in the Edo period.

Kun-reading of takusan above.[2]

Alternative forms
  • 多山

Adjective

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (sawayama) ←さはやま (safayama)?†-nari

  1. (joseigo, archaic) many, numerous

Noun

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (sawayama) ←さはやま (safayama)?

  1. (joseigo, archaic) much, a lot
Derived terms
  • 銀子(いんつう)沢(さわ)山(やま) (intsū sawayama)

Proper noun

沢(さわ)山(やま) • (Sawayama) ←さはやま (safayama)?

  1. a placename
  2. a surname

References
  1. Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Anagrams
  • 山(さん)沢(たく) (santaku), 山(やま)沢(さわ) (yamasawa)
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