なる

Japanese
Alternative spellings
成る
為る

Pronunciation
  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of "なる"
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary
Stem forms
Terminal (終止形)
Attributive (連体形)		 なる な​る [náꜜrù]
Imperative (命令形) なれ な​れ [náꜜrè]
Key constructions
Passive なられる なられ​る [nàráréꜜrù]
Causative ならせる ならせ​る [nàráséꜜrù]
Potential なれる なれ​る [nàréꜜrù]
Volitional なろう なろ​ー [nàróꜜò]
Negative ならない なら​ない [nàráꜜnàì]
Negative perfective ならなかった なら​なかった [nàráꜜnàkàttà]
Formal なります なりま​す [nàrímáꜜsù]
Perfective なった な​った [náꜜttà]
Conjunctive なって な​って [náꜜttè]
Hypothetical conditional なれば な​れば [náꜜrèbà]

Verb

なる • (naru) intransitive godan (stem なり (nari), past なった (natta))

Japanese verb pair
active なす
mediopassive なる
  1. to be achieved; to be completed
    ついに五(ご)連(れん)覇(ぱ)がなる
    tsui ni go renpa ga naru
    Finally they are winning their fifth consecutive championship.
    念(ねん)願(がん)なって一(ひと)人(り)立(だ)ちする
    nengan natte hitoridachi suru
    He realized his wish to live his own life.
    メンタルがなってない
    mentaru ga nattenai
    not mentally resilient enough
    その後(あと)はどうなったんですか？
    Sonoato wa dō natta n desu ka?
    What happened afterwards?
    (literally, “After that, what was achieved?”)
  2. to become; to change into; to turn
    氷(こおり)が水(みず)になる
    kōri ga mizu ni naru
    The ice becomes water.
    血(ち)となり肉(にく)となる
    chi to nari niku to naru
    It becomes blood and flesh.
    私(わたし)は先(せん)生(せい)になります。
    Watashi wa sensei ni narimasu.
    I will become a teacher.
    コーヒーが冷(つめ)たくなりました。
    Kōhī ga tsumetaku narimashita.
    The coffee got cold.
  3. (impersonal) to reach a time; to get to a timepoint
    八(はち)時(じ)になった
    hachiji ni natta
    It has reached eight o'clock.
  4. to reach an amount/quantity
    積(つ)み上(あ)げると三(さん)メートルにもなる
    tsumiageru to san mētoru ni mo naru
    It can pile up to 3 metres high.
    全(ぜん)部(ぶ)で千(せん)円(えん)になる
    zenbu de sen'en ni naru
    One thousand yen in total.
  5. (with negative) to be acceptable; to be tolerable
    負(ま)けてなるものか
    makete naru mono ka
    Failure is not an option.
    勘(かん)弁(べん)ならない
    kanben naranai
    It is unforgivable.
  6. (in some set phrases) to be made; to be produced; to be created
    名(めい)工(こう)の手(て)になる茶(ちゃ)碗(わん)
    meikō no te ni naru chawan
    a teacup manufactured by a famous craftsman
    空(くう)海(かい)の筆(ふで)になる書(しょ)
    Kūkai no fude ni naru sho
    calligraphy by Kūkai
  7. (shogi) to promote
  8. (honorific) In the form of "御(お)/御(ご) + verbal noun + になる", an honorific form of the verb.
    Antonym: する
    Synonym: なさる
    休(やす)む (yasumu, “to rest”) - お休(やす)みになる (o-yasumi ni naru, “to rest”, honorific)
    訪(ほう)問(もん)する (hōmon suru, “to visit”) - ご訪(ほう)問(もん)になる (go-hōmon ni naru, “to visit”, honorific)
Usage notes
  • This term is often spelled in hiragana.
  • Sense "to become":
    • When a noun or an adjectival noun (na-adjective) precedes なる it is followed by に.
      車(くるま)になる ― kuruma ni naru ― become a car
      綺(き)麗(れい)になる ― kirei ni naru ― become beautiful
    • When an adjective (i-adjective) precedes なる it appears in its -く form.
      優(やさ)しくなる ― yasashiku naru ― become kind
    • The causative is suppleted by する (suru).
      部(へ)屋(や)がきれいになる ― heya ga kirei ni naru ― The room becomes tidy.
      私(わたし)が部(へ)屋(や)をきれいにする ― watashi ga heya o kirei ni suru ― I make the room tidy.

Conjugation
Conjugation of "なる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") なら nara
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") なり nari
Shūshikei ("terminal") なる naru
Rentaikei ("attributive") なる naru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") なれ nare
Meireikei ("imperative") なれ nare
Key constructions
Passive なられる narareru
Causative ならせる
ならす		 naraseru
narasu
Potential なれる nareru
Volitional なろう narō
Negative ならない naranai
Negative continuative ならず narazu
Formal なります narimasu
Perfective なった natta
Conjunctive なって natte
Hypothetical conditional なれば nareba
Classical conjugation of "なる" (ラ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) ならnara
Continuative (連用形) なりnari
Terminal (終止形) なるnaru
Attributive (連体形) なるnaru
Realis (已然形) なれnare
Imperative (命令形) なれnare
Key constructions
Negative ならずnarazu
Contrasting conjunction なれどnaredo
Causal conjunction なればnareba
Conditional conjunction ならばnaraba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) なりきnariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) なりけりnarikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) なりつnaritu
Perfect tense (natural event) なりぬnarinu
Perfect-continuative tense なれり
なりたり		nareri
naritari
Volitional ならむnaramu

Verb

なる • (naru) 

  1. adnominal of なり (nari, “to be”)

Etymology 3
For pronunciation and definitions of なる – see the following entries.
【鳴る】
[verb] to ring, to sound, to roar, to chime, to honk
【生る】
[verb] to bear fruit
(This term, なる, is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.)
For a list of all kanji read as なる, see Category:Japanese kanji read as なる.)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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