朋友

Chinese
friend friend
simp. and trad.
(朋友)		 朋 友

Pronunciation 1

Rime
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 云 (35)
Final (韻) 登 (129) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) I III
Fanqie 步崩切 云久切
Baxter bong hjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /bəŋ/ /ɦɨuX/
Pan
Wuyun		 /bəŋ/ /ɦiuX/
Shao
Rongfen		 /bəŋ/ /ɣiəuX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /bəŋ/ /ɦuwX/
Li
Rong		 /bəŋ/ /ɣiuX/
Wang
Li		 /bəŋ/ /ɣĭəuX/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /bʱəŋ/ /i̯ə̯uX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 péng yǒu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 pang4 jau5
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 péng yǒu
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ bong › ‹ hjuwX ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[b]ˁəŋ/ /*[ɢ]ʷəʔ/
English set of cowries; friend friend

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 朋 友
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 9663 15596
Phonetic
component		 朋 又
Rime
group		 蒸 之
Rime
subdivision		 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 朋 有
Old
Chinese		 /*bɯːŋ/ /*ɢʷɯʔ/

Noun

朋友

  1. friend (Classifier: 個／个 m c; 位 m c)
    童年的朋友  ―  tóngnián de péngyǒu  ―  childhood friend
    結交新朋友／结交新朋友  ―  jiéjiāo xīn péngyǒu  ―  to make new friends
    他不知道朋友的家在哪裡。 [MSC, trad.]
    他不知道朋友的家在哪里。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā bù zhīdào péngyǒu de jiā zài nǎlǐ. [Pinyin]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    呢個係我個朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, trad.]
    呢个系我个朋友。 [Guangzhou Cantonese, simp.]
    ni1 go3 hai6 ngo5 go3 pang4 jau5. [Jyutping]
    This is my friend.
    伊毋知朋友的厝佇佗位。 [Hokkien, trad.]
    伊毋知朋友的厝伫佗位。 [Hokkien, simp.]
    I m̄ chai pêng-iú ê chhù tī tó-ūi. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    伊唔知朋友個內在底塊。 [Teochew, trad.]
    伊唔知朋友个内在底块。 [Teochew, simp.]
    i1 m6 zai1 pêng5 iu2 gai5 lai6 do6 di7 go3. [Peng'im]
    He doesn't know where his friend's house is.
    你的近況斷續從朋友口中傳到我耳畔。 [MSC, trad.]
    你的近况断续从朋友口中传到我耳畔。 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ de jìnkuàng duànxù cóng péngyǒu kǒu zhōng chuán dào wǒ ěrpàn. [Pinyin]
    Your news intermittently came to my ears through friends' words.
    我跟她真的只是普通朋友。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
    Wǒ gēn tā zhēnde zhǐshì pǔtōng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
    She and I are really just friends.
    世界上最可悲的事情，莫過於你喜歡他，他卻只把你當朋友。 [MSC, trad.]
    世界上最可悲的事情，莫过于你喜欢他，他却只把你当朋友。 [MSC, simp.]
    Shìjiè shàng zuì kěbēi de shìqíng, mòguòyú nǐ xǐhuān tā, tā què zhǐ bǎ nǐ dāng péngyǒu. [Pinyin]
    The saddest thing in the world is liking someone but they only see you as a friend.
    1. (Hong Kong Cantonese) Term of address to a South Asian person.
  2. (euphemistic) boyfriend or girlfriend; partner
Synonyms
  • (friend):
Dialectal synonyms of 朋友 (“friend”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 友, 朋, 朋友, 友人, 友生
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 朋友, 友人
Mandarin Beijing 朋友
Taiwan 朋友
Tianjin 朋友
Chengde 朋友
Tangshan 朋友
Cangzhou 朋友
Baoding 朋友
Shijiazhuang 朋友
Chifeng 朋友
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 朋友
Heihe 朋友
Qiqihar 朋友
Harbin 朋友, 老鐵
Jiamusi 朋友
Baicheng 朋友
Changchun 朋友
Tonghua 朋友
Shenyang 朋友
Dandong 朋友
Jinzhou 朋友
Dalian 朋友
Yantai 朋友
Yantai (Muping) 朋友
Qingdao 朋友
Lijin 朋友
Zhucheng 朋友, 相好的
Jinan 朋友
Jining 朋友
Luoyang 朋友
Wanrong 朋友
Shangqiu 朋友
Yuanyang 朋友
Zhengzhou 朋友
Lingbao 朋友
Xinyang 朋友
Baihe 朋友
Hanzhong 朋友
Xi'an 朋友
Baoji 朋友
Yinchuan 朋友
Tianshui 朋友
Lanzhou 朋友
Dunhuang 朋友
Xining 朋友
Hami 朋友
Ürümqi 朋友
Wuhan 朋友
Yichang 朋友
Xiangyang 朋友, 老把
Tianmen 朋友, 老夥計
Hong'an 朋友, 夥計
Chengdu 朋友
Nanchong 朋友
Dazhou 朋友, 耍得好
Hanyuan 朋友, 夥計
Xichang 朋友
Zigong 朋友
Chongqing 朋友
Guiyang 朋友
Zunyi 朋友
Bijie 朋友
Liping 朋友
Zhaotong 朋友
Dali 朋友
Kunming 朋友
Mengzi 朋友
Guilin 朋友
Liuzhou 朋友
Jishou 朋友
Changde 朋友
Anqing 朋友
Xuzhou 朋友, 夥計
Fuyang 朋友
Wuhu 朋友
Yangzhou 朋友
Lianyungang 朋友
Lianshui 朋友
Nanjing 朋友
Hefei 朋友
Nantong 朋友
Singapore 朋友
Cantonese Guangzhou 朋友
Hong Kong 朋友, friend, friend子
Taishan 朋友
Dongguan 朋友
Singapore (Guangfu) 朋友
Gan Nanchang 朋友
Lichuan 朋友
Hakka Meixian 朋友
Yudu 朋友
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 朋友
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 朋友
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 朋友
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 朋友
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 朋友
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 朋友
Huizhou Jixi 朋友
Shexian 朋友
Jin Taiyuan 朋友
Yangyuan 朋友, 相好的
Datong 朋友
Xinzhou 朋友, 結拜 dated
Lishi 朋友, 拜識
Linfen 朋友
Changzhi 朋友, 相好的
Linhe 朋友
Jining 朋友
Hohhot 朋友
Erenhot 朋友
Pingshan 朋友, 相好的
Zhangjiakou 朋友
Handan 朋友
Linzhou 朋友
Suide 朋友, 相好的
Northern Min Jian'ou 朋友, 朋友伙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 朋友
Southern Min Xiamen 朋友, 交丸 dated
Quanzhou 朋友
Jinjiang 朋友
Zhangzhou 朋友
Tainan 朋友
Penang (Hokkien) 朋友, 交丸
Singapore (Hokkien) 朋友, 交丸
Manila (Hokkien) 朋友
Singapore (Teochew) 朋友
Haikou 朋友
Singapore (Hainanese) 朋友
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 朋友
Waxiang Guzhang (Gaofeng) 朋子
Yuanling (Shaojiwan) 朋
Wu Shanghai 朋友
Shanghai (Chongming) 朋友
Suzhou 朋友
Danyang 朋友
Hangzhou 朋友
Ningbo 朋友, 朋友家
Wenzhou 朋友家, 朋友
Jinhua 朋友
Xiang Changsha 朋友
Xiangxiang 朋友
Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “friend”):
Hyponyms
  • (friend): 好友 (hǎoyǒu, “good friend”), 老友 (lǎoyǒu, “old friend”)
Derived terms

See also

Further reading

Pronunciation 2

Noun

朋友

  1. (archaic) large number of retainers
  2. (archaic, Ming dynasty) designation given by government bureaucrats to Confucian students
Synonyms
  • (large number of retainers): (archaic) 群臣 (qúnchén)

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (朋友):

Others:

Japanese

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
朋 友
ほう
Jinmeiyō		 ゆう
Grade: 2
on’yomi

/hoː iu/ → /hoːjiu/ → /hoːjuː/

From Middle Chinese compound 朋友 (MC bong hjuwX).

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ほーゆう [hòóyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [ho̞ːjɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋(ほう)友(ゆう) • (hōyū) ←ほういう (fouiu)?
(alternative reading hiragana ぼうゆう, rōmaji bōyū, historical hiragana ぼういう)

  1. (uncommon) a friend
    Synonyms: 友達 (tomodachi), 仲間 (nakama), 友人 (yūjin) (more common)
    Antonym: 仇敵 (kyūteki)
Derived terms
  • 知己(ちき)朋友(ほうゆう) (chiki hōyū, “acquaintance”)
Proverbs
  • 善(ぜん)を責(せ)むるは朋友(ほうゆう)の道(みち)なり (zen o semuru wa hōyū no michi nari)

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
朋 友
ぽん
Jinmeiyō		 ゆう
Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spellings
ポンユー
ポン友

Borrowing from Mandarin 朋友 (péngyǒu).[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • (Tokyo) ポンユー [pòń'yúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
  • IPA(key): [põ̞ɰ̃jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

朋友(ポンユー) • (pon'yū) 

  1. (slang, dated) a friend

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Vietnamese
chữ Hán Nôm in this term
朋友

Noun

朋友

  1. chữ Hán form of bằng hữu (“friend”).
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