暴亂

See also: 暴乱

Chinese

		sudden; violent; cruel sudden; violent; cruel; to show or expose; to injure	in confusion; disorderly
trad. (暴亂)		暴	亂
simp. (暴乱)		暴	乱

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bàoluàn

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou⁶ lyun⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phau-lon
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): po̍k-loān / pō-loān

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bàoluàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˋ ㄌㄨㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bàoluàn
  - Wade–Giles: pao⁴-luan⁴
  - Yale: bàu-lwàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bawluann
  - Palladius: баолуань (baoluanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ lu̯än⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou⁶ lyun⁶
  - Yale: bouh lyuhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou⁶ lyn⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou⁶ lün⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯²² lyːn²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phau-lon
  - Hakka Romanization System: pau lon
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pau⁴ lon⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰau̯⁵⁵ lon⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: po̍k-loān
  - Tâi-lô: po̍k-luān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pogloan
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /pɔk̚²⁴⁻² luan⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /pɔk̚⁴⁻³² luan²²/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɔk̚¹²¹⁻²¹ luan²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pō-loān
  - Tâi-lô: pō-luān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poixloan
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ³³⁻²¹ luan³³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po³³⁻¹¹ luan³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /po²²⁻²¹ luan²²/

Middle Chinese: bawH lwanH

Rime
Character	暴	亂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	豪 (89)	桓 (62)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	薄報切	郎段切
Baxter	bawH	lwanH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Pan Wuyun	/bɑu^H/	/lʷɑn^H/
Shao Rongfen	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/baw^H/	/lwan^H/
Li Rong	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Wang Li	/bɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱɑu^H/	/luɑn^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bào	luàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bou⁶	lyun⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[b]ˤawk-s [r]ˤo[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*boːwɢs roːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	暴	亂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	bào	luàn
Middle Chinese	‹ baw^H ›	‹ lwan^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[b]ˁawk-s/	/*[r]ˁo[n]-s/
English	violent	disorder, rebellion
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	暴	亂
Reading #	1/2	1/1
No.	330	8645
Phonetic component	暴	亂
Rime group	貌	元
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime	暴	亂
Old Chinese	/*boːwɢs/	/*roːns/

Verb

暴亂

to riot; to rebel; to revolt

Synonyms

亂逆／乱逆 (luànnì) (literary)
兵變／兵变 (bīngbiàn) (to mutiny)
動亂／动乱 (dòngluàn)
反亂／反乱 (fǎnluàn)
反叛 (fǎnpàn)
反天 (fǎntiān) (literary)
反抗 (fǎnkàng)
反水 (fǎnshuǐ) (dialectal)
叛亂／叛乱 (pànluàn)
叛變／叛变 (pànbiàn)
嘩變／哗变 (huábiàn) (to mutiny)
悖亂／悖乱 (bèiluàn) (literary)
暴動／暴动 (bàodòng)
暴獄／暴狱 (bàoyù) (of prisoners)
發難／发难 (fānàn)
舉事／举事 (jǔshì) (literary, euphemism)
舉義／举义 (jǔyì) (literary)
起事 (qǐshì)
起兵 (qǐbīng)
起手 (qǐshǒu)
起義／起义 (qǐyì)
逆亂／逆乱 (nìluàn) (literary)
造反 (zàofǎn)
首義／首义 (shǒuyì) (literary, to be the first to stage an uprising)

Noun

暴亂

riot; rebellion; revolt

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