悔悟

Chinese
regret comprehend
trad. (悔悟) 悔 悟
simp. #(悔悟) 悔 悟
alternative forms 悔寤

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 悔 悔 悟
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32) 曉 (32) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 灰 (42) 灰 (42) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed Open
Division (等) I I I
Fanqie 呼罪切 荒内切 五故切
Baxter xwojX xwojH nguH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /huʌiX/ /huʌiH/ /ŋuoH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /huoiX/ /huoiH/ /ŋuoH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /xuɒiX/ /xuɒiH/ /ŋoH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /hwəjX/ /hwəjH/ /ŋɔH/
Li
Rong		 /xuᴀiX/ /xuᴀiH/ /ŋoH/
Wang
Li		 /xuɒiX/ /xuɒiH/ /ŋuH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /xuɑ̆iX/ /xuɑ̆iH/ /ŋuoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 huǐ huì wù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 fui2 fui3 ng6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 悔 悟
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 huǐ wù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ xwojX › ‹ nguH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m̥ˁəʔ/ /*ŋˁa-s/
English regret, repent awake, realize

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 悔 悔 悟
Reading # 1/2 2/2 1/1
No. 9318 9319 13152
Phonetic
component		 母 母 五
Rime
group		 之 之 魚
Rime
subdivision		 0 0 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 賄 誤
Old
Chinese		 /*hmɯːʔ/ /*hmɯːs/ /*ŋaːs/

Verb

悔悟

  1. repent (to feel sorrow or regret for what one has done or omitted to do)

Synonyms

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (悔悟):
  • → Japanese: 悔(かい)悟(ご) (kaigo)
  • → Korean: 회오(悔悟) (hoe'o)

See also

Japanese
Kanji in this term
悔 悟
かい
Grade: S		 ご
Grade: S
on’yomi
Alternative spelling
悔悟 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

Noun

悔(かい)悟(ご) • (kaigo) ←くわいご (kwaigo)?

  1. remorse; repentance

Verb

悔(かい)悟(ご)する • (kaigo suru) suru (stem 悔(かい)悟(ご)し (kaigo shi), past 悔(かい)悟(ご)した (kaigo shita))

  1. to repent, feel remorse

Conjugation
Conjugation of "悔悟する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 悔悟し かいごし kaigo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 悔悟し かいごし kaigo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 悔悟する かいごする kaigo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 悔悟する かいごする kaigo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 悔悟すれ かいごすれ kaigo sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 悔悟せよ¹
悔悟しろ²		 かいごせよ¹
かいごしろ²		 kaigo seyo¹
kaigo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 悔悟される かいごされる kaigo sareru
Causative 悔悟させる
悔悟さす		 かいごさせる
かいごさす		 kaigo saseru
kaigo sasu
Potential 悔悟できる かいごできる kaigo dekiru
Volitional 悔悟しよう かいごしよう kaigo shiyō
Negative 悔悟しない かいごしない kaigo shinai
Negative continuative 悔悟せず かいごせず kaigo sezu
Formal 悔悟します かいごします kaigo shimasu
Perfective 悔悟した かいごした kaigo shita
Conjunctive 悔悟して かいごして kaigo shite
Hypothetical conditional 悔悟すれば かいごすれば kaigo sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
  3. Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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