思念

Chinese
to think; to consider
 
to miss; to think of; to read
to miss; to think of; to read; to study (a subject); to attend (a school); to read aloud; idea; remembrance; twenty
trad. (思念) 思 念
simp. #(思念) 思 念

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 思 念
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16) 泥 (8)
Final (韻) 之 (19) 添 (157)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III IV
Fanqie 息兹切 奴店切
Baxter si nemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /sɨ/ /nemH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /sɨ/ /nemH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /sie/ /nɛmH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /sɨ/ /nɛmH/
Li
Rong		 /siə/ /nemH/
Wang
Li		 /sĭə/ /niemH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /si/ /niemH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 sī niàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		 si1 nim6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 思 念
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 sī niàn
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ si › ‹ nemH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*[s]ə/ /*nˁim-s/
English think think of

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 思 念
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 13835 6588
Phonetic
component		 囟 今
Rime
group		 之 侵
Rime
subdivision		 0 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 思 念
Old
Chinese		 /*snɯ/ /*nɯːms/
Notes 或以心含會意

Verb

思念

  1. to miss, think of, yearn for, reminisce

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 想念 (“to miss; to think of; to yearn for”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 想念, 思念, 掛念, 惦念, 懷念
Mandarin Taiwan 想念, 想
Singapore 想念, 想
Cantonese Guangzhou 掛住, 掛望
Hong Kong 掛住
Singapore (Guangfu) 掛住
Southern Min Xiamen 數念, 心念
Quanzhou 數念, 心念
Zhangzhou 數念, 心念
Tainan 想, 數念, 思念
Penang (Hokkien) 數念
Singapore (Hokkien) 數念
Manila (Hokkien) 數念
Wenchang 想念
Wu Shanghai 想, 牽記, 想念 somewhat literary
Suzhou 牽記
Ningbo 忖
Jinhua 想, 忖

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (思念):
  • → Japanese: 思(し)念(ねん) (shinen)

Japanese
Kanji in this term
思 念
し
Grade: 2		 ねん
Grade: 4
on’yomi goon

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 思念 (MC si nemH).

Pronunciation

Noun

思(し)念(ねん) • (shinen) 

  1. a thought, reminiscence

Verb

思(し)念(ねん)する • (shinen suru) suru (stem 思(し)念(ねん)し (shinen shi), past 思(し)念(ねん)した (shinen shita))

  1. to think, reminisce

Conjugation
Conjugation of "思念する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 思念し しねんし shinen shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 思念し しねんし shinen shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 思念する しねんする shinen suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 思念する しねんする shinen suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 思念すれ しねんすれ shinen sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 思念せよ¹
思念しろ²		 しねんせよ¹
しねんしろ²		 shinen seyo¹
shinen shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 思念される しねんされる shinen sareru
Causative 思念させる
思念さす		 しねんさせる
しねんさす		 shinen saseru
shinen sasu
Potential 思念できる しねんできる shinen dekiru
Volitional 思念しよう しねんしよう shinen shiyō
Negative 思念しない しねんしない shinen shinai
Negative continuative 思念せず しねんせず shinen sezu
Formal 思念します しねんします shinen shimasu
Perfective 思念した しねんした shinen shita
Conjunctive 思念して しねんして shinen shite
Hypothetical conditional 思念すれば しねんすれば shinen sureba
¹ Written imperative

² Spoken imperative

See also
  • 思(おぼ)し念(ねん)ず (oboshinenzu)
  • 思(おも)い念(ねん)ず (omoinenzu)
  • 想(そう)念(ねん) (sōnen)

References
  1. Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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