南風

Chinese

		south	wind; news; style wind; news; style; custom; manner
trad. (南風)		南	風
simp. (南风)		南	风

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): nánfēng

(Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam⁴ fung¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): nam¹ fuung¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): nàm-fûng

(Meixian, Guangdong): nam² fung¹
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lâm-hong

(Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ huang¹

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: nánfēng
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄈㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: nánfong
  - Wade–Giles: nan²-fêng¹
  - Yale: nán-fēng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nanfeng
  - Palladius: наньфэн (nanʹfɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ fɤŋ⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: naam⁴ fung¹
  - Yale: nàahm fūng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ fung¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ fung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ fʊŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: nam¹ fuung¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam³³ fɵŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nàm-fûng
  - Hakka Romanization System: namˇ fung´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: nam² fung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ fuŋ²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: nam² fung¹
  - Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ fʊŋ⁴⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâm-hong
  - Tâi-lô: lâm-hong
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lamhofng
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔŋ⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: lam⁵ huang¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm huang
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ huaŋ³³/

Middle Chinese: nom pjuwng

Rime
Character	南	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	東 (2)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	那含切	方戎切
Baxter	nom	pjuwng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/pɨuŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/piuŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/piuŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/puwŋ/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/piuŋ/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/pĭuŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/năm/	/pi̯uŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	fēng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam⁴	fung¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤ[ə]m prəm/

(Zhengzhang): /*nuːm plum/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	南	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	nán	fēng
Middle Chinese	‹ nom ›	‹ pjuwng ›
Old Chinese	/*nˁ[ə]m/	/*prəm/
English	south	wind (n.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	南	風
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	9355	2921
Phonetic component	南	凡
Rime group	侵	侵
Rime subdivision	2	3
Corresponding MC rime	南	風
Old Chinese	/*nuːm/	/*plum/

Noun

南風

southerly; south wind (a persistent wind from the south)
music from the South
(archaic) male homosexuality
(mahjong) South Wind

Derived terms

南風不競／南风不竞

Proper noun

南風

Nanfeng (a song supposedly written by Emperor Shun)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
南	風
なん Grade: 2	ふう > ぷう Grade: 2
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese compound 南風 (MC nom pjuwng).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) なんぷう [nàńpúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [nã̠mpɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

南(なん)風(ぷう) • (nanpū)

south wind, southerly
Synonyms: 凱風 (gaifū), 南 (minami)

Antonym: 北風 (hokufū)
wind blowing in summer

Idioms

南風(なんぷう)競(きそ)わず (nanpū kisowazu)

Proper noun

南(なん)風(ぷう) • (Nanpū)

a female given name

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
南	風
みなみ Grade: 2	かぜ Grade: 2
kun’yomi

Compound of 南(みなみ) (minami, “south”) + 風(かぜ) (kaze, “wind”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) みなみかぜ [mìnámíkázé] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [mʲina̠mʲika̠ze̞]

Noun

南(みなみ)風(かぜ) • (minamikaze)

south wind, southerly
Synonym: 南 (minami)

Antonym: 北風 (kitakaze)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
南	風
Grade: 2	Grade: 2
irregular

For pronunciation and definitions of 南風 – see the following entry.

【はえ】	[noun] (regional) south wind, southerly [proper noun] a surname

(This term, 南風, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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