| north | barbarians; name of a tribe | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (北狄) | 北 | 狄 | |
| simp. #(北狄) | 北 | 狄 | |
| Rime | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 北 | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 德 (131) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 博墨切 | 徒歷切 |
| Baxter | pok | dek |
| Reconstructions | ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/pək̚/ | /dek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/pək̚/ | /dek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/pək̚/ | /dɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/pək̚/ | /dɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong |
/pək̚/ | /dek̚/ |
| Wang Li |
/pək̚/ | /diek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/pək̚/ | /dʱiek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
bo | dí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex |
bak1 | dik6 |
| Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 北 | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
běi | dí |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ pok › | ‹ dek › |
| Old Chinese |
/*pˁək/ | /*lˁek/ |
| English | north | (name of a northern tribe) |
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; | ||
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Character | 北 | 狄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 414 | 2206 |
| Phonetic component |
北 | 狄 |
| Rime group |
職 | 錫 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
北 | 荻 |
| Old Chinese |
/*pɯːɡ/ | /*deːɡ/ |
北狄