保有

Chinese

		to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee to defend; to protect; to insure or guarantee; to maintain; hold or keep; to guard	to have; there is; there are to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be
trad. (保有)		保	有
simp. ^#(保有)		保	有
alternative forms		葆有

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǎoyǒu

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bou² jau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-yû
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): pó-iú

(Teochew, Peng'im): bo² u⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoyǒu [Phonetic: báoyǒu]
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǎoyǒu
  - Wade–Giles: pao³-yu³
  - Yale: bǎu-yǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoyeou
  - Palladius: баою (baoju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ joʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: bou² jau⁵
  - Yale: bóu yáuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bou² jau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: bou² yeo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pou̯³⁵ jɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo` iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo³ yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /po³¹ i̯u²⁴/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-yû
  - Hakka Romanization System: bo` (r)iu´
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bo³ yiu¹
  - Sinological IPA: /po³¹ (j)i̯u²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-iú
  - Tâi-lô: pó-iú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: poyiuo
  - IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iu⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iu⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iu⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: bo² u⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó ŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /po⁵²⁻³⁵ u³⁵/

Verb

保有

to hold; to possess; to have; to own

Synonyms

享有 (xiǎngyǒu) (rights, privileges, prestige, etc.)
佔／占
佔有／占有 (zhànyǒu)
佔用／占用 (zhànyòng)
佔領／占领 (zhànlǐng)
具備／具备 (jùbèi)
具有 (jùyǒu)
具足 (jùzú) (literary)
富有 (fùyǒu) (to be full of)
所有 (suǒyǒu)
持有 (chíyǒu)
據／据
擁有／拥有 (yōngyǒu)
據有／据有 (jùyǒu)
自有 (zìyǒu)
領有／领有 (lǐngyǒu)

Derived terms

保有期 (bǎoyǒuqī)
保有權／保有权 (bǎoyǒuquán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
保	有
ほ Grade: 5	ゆう Grade: 3
on’yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ほゆう [hòyúú] (Heiban – [0])[1]
IPA^(key): [ho̞jɯ̟ᵝː]

Noun

保(ほ)有(ゆう) • (hoyū) ^{←ほいう (foiu)^?}

retention, possession
- 2019, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, 軍縮・不拡散 [Disarmament and Nonproliferation]‎, page 2:
  
  この条(じょう)約(やく)は、米(べい)国(こく)、ロシア、イギリス、フランス、中(ちゅう)国(ごく)の５(ご)か国(こく)を核(かく)兵(へい)器(き)国(こく)として定(さだ)めるとともに、それ以(い)外(がい)の国(くに)々(ぐに)の核(かく)兵(へい)器(き)の保(ほ)有(ゆう)を禁(きん)止(し)しました。
  Kono jōyaku wa, Beikoku, Roshia, Igirisu, Furansu, Chūgoku no goka koku o kakuheikikoku to shite sadameru to tomo ni, sore igai no kuniguni no kakuheiki no hoyū o kinshi shimashita.
  This treaty recognized five states—the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China—as nuclear-weapon states and prohibited the possession of nuclear weapons by all other countries.

Verb

保(ほ)有(ゆう)する • (hoyū suru) ^{←ほいう (foiu)^?}transitive suru (stem 保(ほ)有(ゆう)し (hoyū shi), past 保(ほ)有(ゆう)した (hoyū shita))

hold, possess
世(せ)界(かい)遺(い)産(さん)を保(ほ)有(ゆう)していない国(くに)
Sekai Isan o hoyū shite inai kuni
countries without World Heritage Sites

Conjugation

Conjugation of "保有する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	保有し	ほゆうし	hoyū shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	保有し	ほゆうし	hoyū shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	保有する	ほゆうする	hoyū suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	保有する	ほゆうする	hoyū suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	保有すれ	ほゆうすれ	hoyū sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	保有せよ¹ 保有しろ²	ほゆうせよ¹ ほゆうしろ²	hoyū seyo¹ hoyū shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	保有される	ほゆうされる	hoyū sareru
Causative	保有させる保有さす	ほゆうさせるほゆうさす	hoyū saseru hoyū sasu
Potential	保有できる	ほゆうできる	hoyū dekiru
Volitional	保有しよう	ほゆうしよう	hoyū shiyō
Negative	保有しない	ほゆうしない	hoyū shinai
Negative continuative	保有せず	ほゆうせず	hoyū sezu
Formal	保有します	ほゆうします	hoyū shimasu
Perfective	保有した	ほゆうした	hoyū shita
Conjunctive	保有して	ほゆうして	hoyū shite
Hypothetical conditional	保有すれば	ほゆうすれば	hoyū sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
保	有

Noun

保有 • (boyu) (hangeul 보유)

Hanja form^? of 보유 (“possession; retention”).

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