Wa is a letter of related and vertically oriented alphabets used to write Mongolic and Tungusic languages.[1]: 549–551 

Mongolian language

Look up ᠸ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wa
The Mongolian script
Mongolian vowels
ᠠ​
a
ᠡ​
e
ᠢ​
i
ᠣ​
o
ᠤ​
u
ᠥ​
ö
ᠦ​
ü
ᠧ​
(ē)
Mongolian consonants
ᠨ​
n
ᠩ​
ng
ᠪ​
b
ᠫ​
(p)
ᠬ​
q/k
ᠭ​
γ/g
ᠮ​
m
ᠯ​
l
ᠰ​
s
ᠱ​
š
ᠲ​
t
ᠳ​
d
ᠴ​
č
ᠵ​
ǰ
ᠶ​
y
ᠷ​
r
ᠸ​
(w)
Foreign consonants
Letter[2]: 38 [3]: 44–45 
w (v) Transliteration[note 1]
ᠸ‍[lower-alpha 1] Initial
‍ᠸ‍[lower-alpha 2] Medial (syllable-initial)
Medial (syllable-final)
‍ᠸ⟨?⟩ ⟨‍ᠧ⟩[lower-alpha 3] Final
C-V syllables[3]: 44–45 
w‑a, w‑e[lower-alpha 4] wa, we wi wo, wu wö, wü Transliteration
— ᠸᠠ[lower-alpha 5] ᠸᠢ ᠸᠣ᠋ ᠸᠥ᠋ Alone
ᠸᠠ‍ ᠸᠢ‍ ᠸᠣ‍ ᠸᠥ‍ Initial
‍ᠸᠠ‍ ‍ᠸᠢ‍ ‍ᠸᠣ‍ Medial
‍ᠸ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ ⟨⟩[lower-alpha 6] ‍ᠸᠠ ‍ᠸᠢ ‍ᠸᠣ Final
  • Transcribes Chakhar /w/;[9][12] Transliterated into Cyrillic with the letter в.[3][4]
  • Used to transcribe foreign words (originally for v in Sanskrit व /va/). Transcribes /w/ in Tibetan ཝ /wa/;[13]: 254 [5]: 28 [14]: 113  Old Uyghur and Chinese loanwords.[2]: 34–35 
  • Indistinguishable from ē, except when inferred by its placement: typically between vowels, but also when it follows a consonant and precedes a vowel.[2]: 38 
  • Derived from Old Uyghur bet (𐽱),[15]: 539–540, 545–546 [14]: 111, 113  and waw (𐽳, before a separated vowel).
  • Produced with ⇧ Shift+W using the Windows Mongolian keyboard layout.[16]
  • In the Mongolian Unicode block, w comes after r.

Clear Script

Look up ᡖ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Look up ᠸ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Xibe language

Look up ᠸ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Manchu language

Look up ᠸ in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Notes

  1. ↑ As in ᠸᠴᠢᠷ wčir (очир ochir) 'thunderbolt', or ᠸᠢᠸᠠᠩᠬᠢᠷᠢᠳ vivangkirid/wiwanggirid (вивангирид vivangirid) 'prophecy'.[5]: 12, 30 [3]: 44 [6]
  2. ↑ As in ᠳᠠᠸᠠ dawa (даваа davaa) 'Monday', or ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ⟨?⟩ pawlow.[7]: 74 [3]: 44–45 
  3. ↑ As in ᠫᠠᠸᠯᠣᠸ⟨?⟩ pawlow.[3]: 45 [6]
  4. ↑ [8][9]
  5. ↑ As in ᠸᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ/ᠸᠠᠭᠠᠯ wa/waγ‑a/waγal (ваа/ваал vaa/vaal) 'fungoid growth, mold'.[11]: 894 
  6. ↑ As in ᠪᠣᠳᠢᠰᠠᠳ᠋ᠸ᠎ᠠ⟨?⟩ bodisad(u/w)‑a (бодисадва bodisadva) 'bodhisattva'.[11]: 109 [3]: 45 [6]
  1. ↑ Scholarly transliteration, with alternative in parentheses.[4]

References

  1. ↑ "The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0 – Core Specification Chapter 13: South and Central Asia-II, Other Modern Scripts" (PDF). www.unicode.org. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  2. 1 2 3 Janhunen, Juha (2006-01-27). The Mongolic Languages. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-79690-7.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Skorodumova, L. G. (2000). Vvedenie v staropismenny mongolskiy yazyk Введение в старописьменный монгольский язык (PDF) (in Russian). Muravey-Gayd. ISBN 5-8463-0015-4.
  4. 1 2 "Mongolian transliterations" (PDF). Institute of the Estonian Language. 2006-05-06.
  5. 1 2 Poppe, Nicholas (1974). Grammar of Written Mongolian. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. ISBN 978-3-447-00684-2.
  6. 1 2 3 "Mongolian State Dictionary". Mongol toli (in Mongolian). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  7. ↑ Bat-Ireedui, Jantsangiyn; Sanders, Alan J. K. (2015-08-14). Colloquial Mongolian: The Complete Course for Beginners. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-317-30598-9.
  8. ↑ "UNU/IIST Report No. 170 Traditional Mongolian Script in the ISO/IEC 10646 and Unicode Standards" (PDF). BabelStone. Aug 1999.
  9. 1 2 "Mongolian Traditional Script". Chinese, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Mongolian Language Site. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  10. ↑ "Mongolian Transliteration & Transcription". collab.its.virginia.edu. Retrieved 2023-03-26.
  11. 1 2 Lessing, Ferdinand (1960). Mongolian-English Dictionary (PDF). University of California Press. Note that this dictionary uses the transliterations c, ø, x, y, z, ai, and ei; instead of č, ö, q, ü, ǰ, ayi, and eyi;: xii  as well as problematically and incorrectly treats all rounded vowels (o/u/ö/ü) after the initial syllable as u or ü.[10]
  12. ↑ "Writing – Study Mongolian". Study Mongolian. August 2013. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  13. ↑ "BabelStone : Mongolian and Manchu Resources". BabelStone (in Chinese). Retrieved 2022-05-16.
  14. 1 2 Clauson, Gerard (2005-11-04). Studies in Turkic and Mongolic Linguistics. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-43012-3.
  15. ↑ Daniels, Peter T.; Bright, William (1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  16. ↑ jowilco. "Windows keyboard layouts - Globalization". Microsoft Docs. Retrieved 2022-05-16.
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