First siege of Diu
Part of the Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts and Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts
Date16 February 1531[1]
Location
Diu, Gujarat Sultanate
Result Ottoman victory
Belligerents
 Ottoman Empire
Gujarat Sultanate		  Portuguese Empire
Commanders and leaders
Khoja Zufar
Mustafa Bayram		 Nuno da Cunha
Strength
10,000[2] - 12,000 men[3]
2 galleons[4]
70 oarships of various sizes[4]
several basilisks[5]

About 400[6][7][8] vessels:

30,000 men,[10] including:

  • 3,560 Portuguese soldiers[11]
  • 2,000 Malabarese auxiliaries[11][12]
  • 8,000 combat slaves[11][7]
    • 3,000 slave gunners[11]
  • 1,450 Portuguese sailors[11][12]
  • 4,000 Malabarese sailors or rowers[11]
  • 800 junk ship crew[11]
Casualties and losses
800 31 dead[13]
120 wounded

The siege of Diu occurred when a combined Ottoman-Gujarati force defeated a Portuguese attempt to capture the city of Diu in 1531. The victory was partly the result of Ottoman firepower over the Portuguese besiegers deployed by Mustafa Bayram, an Ottoman expert.[14]

Shortly before the siege they encountered roughly 800 enemy soldiers at Siyâl Bet island[a], engaged them in combat, and killed them all.[15] There were 9[16] or 17 Portuguese killed and 120 wounded.[17] They then sailed for Diu, but the Muslim alliance defeated them and killed 14.[18]

Although Diu was successfully defended, victory was short-lived: Diu was blockaded and the Portuguese armada was diverted towards more exposed Gujarati cities.[19] Ghogha, Surat, Mangrol, Somnath, Bassein, Tarapur, Kelva, Mahim, Bulsar, Agashi, Patam, Pate, and many smaller settlements were assaulted and sacked, some never recovering from the attacks.[20][21][12]

In 1534, Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat signed a peace treaty with Governor Nuno da Cunha, granting the Portuguese the territory of Bassein, including Bombay. In 1535, the Portuguese were allowed to construct a fortress at Diu.

See also

Notes

  • ^[a] Gujarati name for jackal island, one of three islands near Diu, João de Barros calls it Ilha de Bet.

References

  1. ↑ Denvers, 1894, p.402
  2. ↑ Denvers, 1894, p.402
  3. ↑ Monteiro, Saturnino. Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa – Volume II: 1522–1538, 1991, Livraria Sá da Costa Editora, p.207
  4. 1 2 Monteiro 1991, p. 207.
  5. ↑ Monteiro 1991, p. 220,221.
  6. ↑ J. Gerson Da Cunha: The Origin of Bombay, Asian Educational Services, 1993, p.77.
  7. 1 2 Denvers, 1894, p.400.
  8. ↑ Gaspar Correia (1495-1561). Lendas da Índia 1858 edition, Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, p. 390
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Correia 1858, p. 390.
  10. ↑ Gaspar Correia (1495-1561). Lendas da Índia 1858 edition, Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, p. 392
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Correia 1858, p. 392.
  12. 1 2 3 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency, Volume 13, Government Central Press, 1882, p.451
  13. ↑ Monteiro, 1991, pp.205-209.
  14. ↑ Guns for the sultan: military power and the weapons industry in the Ottoman Empire, Gábor Ágoston, page 194, 2005
  15. ↑ Monteiro (1991), p.205
  16. ↑ Frederick Charles Denvers: The Portuguese in India, W.H. Allen & Company, 1894, p. 401.
  17. ↑ Monteiro (1991), p.205
  18. ↑ Monteiro, 1991, p.209
  19. ↑ Denvers, 1894, p.403.
  20. ↑ Pearson, Michael Naylor (1976). Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century. University of California Press, pg. 76
  21. ↑ Denvers 1894, p.402-404

20°43′N 70°59′E / 20.71°N 70.98°E / 20.71; 70.98

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