tʾp̄k'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *tāpaka- (“heater or baking place or cooking place”), ultimately from *tap- (“to warm up, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Alternatively, from the homonymous Proto-Iranian root *tap- (“flat”), from the fact that a flat stone could serve as a cooking place. The contamination of both is also possible.

Compare Baluchi تہافغ (thafaġ, “oven”), Sogdian [script needed] (tpʾkh /⁠tapāk⁠/, “fever”), Sanskrit तापक (tāpaka, “heating, inflaming, refining; causing pain; fever; cooking stove”).

Noun

tʾp̄k' • (tābag)

  1. frying pan

Descendants

Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian:

  • → Arabic: طَابَق (ṭābaq), طَابِق (ṭābiq), طَابَاق (ṭābāq, “big brick”), طَابُوق (ṭābūq, “brick”)
  • → Aramaic:
    Classical Syriac: ܛܒܩܐ (ṭbqʾ /⁠ṭabqā⁠/)
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טפקא (ṭpqʾ /⁠ṭāpqā⁠/)
  • → Old Armenian: տապակ (tapak)
  • → Common Turkic: *tābak
    • Oghuz:
      • → Azerbaijani: tabaq
      • → Ottoman Turkish: طباق (tabak)
        • Turkish: tabak
        • → Middle Armenian: թապախ (tʻapax), թապաղ (tʻapaġ), տապաղ (tapaġ)
      • → Salar: dovaq
      • → Turkmen: tābak
    • Karluk:
      • → Uyghur: [script needed] (tavaq)
      • → Uzbek: tovoq
    • Kipchak:

References
  • Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تابه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “tābag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 81
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1905) Опыт словаря тюркских наречий – Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte [Attempt at a Lexicon of the Turkic Dialects], volume III (overall work in German and Russian), Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 960
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 46
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 252
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “տապակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 372—373
  • Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 2051, page 161a
  • Abajev, V. I. (1979) Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, pages 244, 287
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 246
  • Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 319
  • Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
  • Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 181
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