cay đắng

Vietnamese

Etymology

From cay (“spicy”) +‎ đắng (“bitter”), calque of Chinese 辛苦 (tân khổ).

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [kaj˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˧˦]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [kaj˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˦˧˥]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ka(ː)j˧˧ ʔɗaŋ˦˥]

Adjective

cay đắng

(of human experience) bitter; painful; miserable
Synonym: đắng cay

cuộc đời cay đắng ― a miserable life

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