< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tām

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Mongolic *tama (“wall”) and Proto-Tungusic *tam- (“shed, cover (for a hut)”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Noun

*tām

  1. roof
  2. wall
  3. hut

Declension
Declension of *tām
Singular 3)
Nominative *tām
Accusative *tāmnï, *tāmïg 4), *tāmnïg 1)
Genitive *tāmnïŋ
Dative *tāmka
Locative *tāmda
Ablative *tāmdan
Allative *tāmgaru
Instrumental 2) *tāmïn
Equative 2) *tāmča
Similative 2) *tāmlayu
Comitative 2) *tāmlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Common Turkic:
  • Oghuz:
    • Old Anatolian Turkish: طام (tam)
      • Azerbaijani: dam (“roof; hut”)
      • Ottoman Turkish: طام (dam)
        • Turkish: dam (“roof; hut”)
        • Gagauz: dam (“shed, barn”)
    • Turkmen: tām (“wall”)
    • Salar: tam (“wall”)
    • → Khalaj: dâam (“roof”)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (tam, “wall; roof”)
      • Chagatai:
        • Uyghur: تام (tam, “wall”)
        • Uzbek: tom (“roof; hut”)
  • Kipchak:
    • North Kipchak:
      • Tatar: там (tam, “wall”)
    • West Kipchak:
      • Crimean Tatar: dam (“roof”)
      • Kumyk: там (tam, “wall”)
    • South Kipchak:
      • Caspian:
        • Kazakh: там (tam, “grave”)
        • Nogai: там (tam, “wall”)
        • Karakalpak: tam (“hut”)
      • Kyrgyz-Kipchak:
        • Kyrgyz: там (tam, “wall; hut”)
        • Southern Altai: тап (tap, “sliver”)
  • Siberian:
    • Old Turkic: 𐱃𐰢 (tam, “wall”)
    • South Siberian:
      • Yenisei:
        • Western Yugur: [script needed] (tam, “wall”)
        • Khakas: [script needed] (layer (of earth))

References
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