< Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/kaŋïr

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Alternative reconstruction
  • *kaŋïrug

Etymology

Unclear, no reliable etymology can be posited.

According to Altaicists; this form is 'no doubt archaic' (older than *burun) and is cognate with Proto-Mongolic *kamar (“nose”) (Mongolian хамар (xamar)), Evenki оңокто (oŋoqto), Korean 코 (ko) and Japanese 嗅(か)ぐ (kagu). Although proposed forms match semantically, this type of comparisons are not reliable and scholarly consensus is against Altaic theory.

Northern Altai [script needed] (kanžïr, “beak”) is from Mongolic хошуу (xošuu)[1] and unrelated to forms below despite semantic and sound similarities.

Noun

*kaŋïr

  1. (Siberian Turkic) nose
    Synonyms: *burun, *tumšuk, *tāna
  2. (Karluk Turkic, Oghuz Turkic) nasal cavity
    Synonym: *keŋiŕ
  3. (?) nose bridge, nasal bone
    Synonym: *tīrek

Declension
Declension of *kaŋïr
Singular 3)
Nominative *kaŋïr
Accusative *kaŋïrnï, *kaŋïrïg 4), *kaŋïrnïg 1)
Genitive *kaŋïrnïŋ
Dative *kaŋïrka
Locative *kaŋïrta
Ablative *kaŋïrtan
Allative *kaŋïrgaru
Instrumental 2) *kaŋïrïn
Equative 2) *kaŋïrča
Similative 2) *kaŋïrlayu
Comitative 2) *kaŋïrlïgu
1) Possibly in Pre-Proto-Turkic.
2) The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
3) Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.
4) Found in the Old Turkic era.

Descendants
  • Oghuz:
    • East Oghuz:
      • Turkmen: gaňşyrawuk (“nasal cavity”), goňursamak (“to reek”)
  • Karluk:
    • Karakhanid: [script needed] (qaŋrak, “nasal cavity”)
  • Siberian:
    • Western Yugur: [script needed] (kaŋrïq, “nose”)
    • South Siberian:

References
  1. Poppe, N. 1960. Vergleischende Grammmatik der altaischen Sprachen. Teil 1. Wiesbaden. p. 96
  • Dybo, Anna (2013). Этимологический словарь базисной лексики тюркских языков (in Russian). TOO - Prosper Print. p. 413.
  • Räsänen, Martti (1969) “*kaŋur(uγ)”, in Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 232
  • Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
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