< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kusiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed[1] from Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (kausjan). Brückner and Sławski do not exclude possible influence from native *kǫsati (“to take a bite”).

Bulgarian dialects also exhibit meaning “to scoop, to take up” (whence куся́м impf (kusjám, “to scoop with a spoon/laddle, to sip”), куса́ло (kusálo, “laddle”)).

Verb

*kùsiti pf or impf[1][2][3]

  1. (with perfective) to probe, to degustate → to taste
  2. (with imperfective) to trial, to sample, to put under scrutiny

Alternative forms
  • *kusati

Conjugation
Conjugation of *kusiti, *kusi, *kusitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Suffix: *-iti
― iterative (*nositi⇐*nesti)
― causative (*pojiti⇐*piti)
― ...
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*kušenьje *kusiti *kusitъ *kusilъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive *kušenъ *kusimъ
Active *kušь *kusę
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *kusixъ*kusi*kusi *kušǫ*kusiši*kusitь
Dual *kusixově*kusista*kusiste *kusivě*kusita*kusite
Plural *kusixomъ*kusiste*kusišę *kusimъ*kusite*kusętь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st2nd3rd 1st2nd3rd
Singular *kušaaxъ*kušaaše*kušaaše —*kusi*kusi
Dual *kušaaxově*kušaašeta*kušaašete *kusivě*kusita—
Plural *kušaaxomъ*kušaašete*kušaaxǫ *kusimъ*kusite—
    Notes:
  • (*)*kusivъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Derived terms
  • *kušati (intensive, interative)
  • *nakusiti, *pokusiti (“to flavour, to zest”)
  • *vъkusiti, *okusiti (“to taste, to savour”)
  • *jьzkusiti (“to tempt”)
  • *zakusiti (“to satiate one's taste”)
  • *kusъ (“probe, trial”)

Derived terms
  • East Slavic:
    • Belarusian: кусі́ць (kusícʹ)
    • Ukrainian: куси́ти (kusýty), куса́ти (kusáty)
  • South Slavic:
    • Old Church Slavonic: коусити (kusiti)
      • Russian Church Slavonic: → кусити (kusiti, “to trail”)
    • Bulgarian: ку́ся pf (kúsja), ку́сам pf (kúsam)
    • Serbo-Croatian: (archaic)
      Cyrillic script: ку̏сити
      Latin script: kȕsiti
    • Slovene: kúsiti (obsolete)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kusit (dialectal)
    • Old Polish: kusić (“to tempt”)
      • Polish: kusić (“to tempt”)
      • → Lithuanian: kùsyti (“to seduce”)

Further reading
  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1987), “*kusiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 13 (*kroměžirъ – *kyžiti), Moscow: Nauka, page 135
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “-кусить”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1989), “кусити”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 3 (Кора – М), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, →ISBN, page 160
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “кусам”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 152

References
  1. Pronk-Tiethoff, Saskia E. (2013) The Germanic loanwords in Proto-Slavic‎, Amsterdam - New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 104: “PSl. *kusiti: *kusjǫ ‘to try, taste’ (ap B)”
  2. Olander, Thomas (2001) “kusiti: kusjǫ kusitь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b bide (PR 137)”
  3. Snoj, Marko (2016) “kusiti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. *kűsiti”
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