< Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic

Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaliti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From *kalъ (“mud, dirt”) +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*kaliti[1]

  1. to soil, muddle (e. g. water)
Derived terms
Descendants
  • South Slavic:
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ка́лити
      Latin script: káliti
    • Slovene: kalíti
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kaliti
    • Kashubian: kalëc
    • Polish: kalić (obsolete)
    • Slovak: kaliť

Etymology 2

Uncertain.

According to one hypothesis, cognate with Latin callus (“hard”) and a group of Celtic words with senses like 'hard, strong, cruel', e. g. Gaulish Caleti, Old Irish calad, Welsh caled etc. Thus possibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *keHl-/*kHl-.

According to Trubachev, a Slavic semantical development in the Iron Age from *kaliti I, explained by clay (which was used in the tempering process) muddling the water in which the metal ware was tempered. In such a case the aforementioned Celtic words may have developed from *ḱlH-eto (“cold”), see Proto-Celtic *kaletos, as proposed by Joseph (leaving callus without an etymology).

Relation to Latvian kàlstu, kàlst (“to dry up, solidify”) is unclear.

Verb

*kaliti[2]

  1. to temper
  2. to case-harden
Descendants
  • East Slavic:
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: каля́ (kaljá, “to temper, case-harden”)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: ка́лити (“to temper, case-harden”)
      Latin script: káliti
    • Slovene: kalíti (“to temper, case-harden”)
  • West Slavic:
    • Czech: kalit (“to temper, case-harden”)
    • Slovak: kaliť (“to temper, case-harden”)
Further reading
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “кали́ть”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References
  1. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kaliti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 220: “v. ‘soil’”
  2. Derksen, Rick (2008) “*kaliti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 219: “v. ‘temper, case-harden’”
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