Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔak-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Compare Central Atlas Tamazight ⴰⴳⴹⵉⴹ (agḍiḍ, “bird”).

Noun

*ʔak- m or f

Inflection

Declension of *ʔak-

Case

Singular

Dual

Plural

Nominative

*ʔakum

*ʔakāna

plural stem + *-ūna

Genitive

*ʔakim

*ʔakayna

plural stem + *-īna

Accusative

*ʔakam

possessive forms

1st person

*ʔakī / *ʔakVya

—

*ʔakVni

2nd person m

*ʔakVka

*ʔakVkumā / *ʔakVkumay

*ʔakVkum(ū)

2nd person f

*ʔakVki

*ʔakVkin(ā)

3rd person m

*ʔakVšu

*ʔakVšumā / *ʔakVšumay

*ʔakVšum(ū)

3rd person f

*ʔakVša

*ʔakVšin(ā)

Note: the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible.

Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔakuya for nom. case, *ʔakiya for gen. case, *ʔakaya for acc. case, etc.

Declension of 2sg m. possessive form (your/thy m.) *ʔak-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔakuka	*ʔakāka	plural stem + *-ūka
Genitive	*ʔakika	*ʔakayka	plural stem + *-īka
Accusative	*ʔakaka	*ʔakayka	plural stem + *-īka

Declension of 2sg f. possessive form (your/thy f.) *ʔak-

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*ʔakuki	*ʔakāki	plural stem + *-ūki
Genitive	*ʔakiki	*ʔakayki	plural stem + *-īki
Accusative	*ʔakaki	*ʔakayki	plural stem + *-īki

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒀝𒆪𒌑 (akkû, “owl”)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      - Classical Syriac: ܟܱ݁ܘܟ݁ܒܰܝ (kawk(ə)ḇay, “owl”)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: אוֹחַ (óakh, ʾốaḥ, “eagle owl”)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: ጉጉት (gugut, “owl”)
  - Ge'ez: ኳኳ (kʷakʷa, “raven”)
  - Tigrinya: ኳኵ (kʷakʷ, “crow, raven”)

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