< Reconstruction:Proto-Italic
Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/opeō
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This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
Etymology
From probable earlier form *opejō, as in all the verbs of second conjugation. Disputed.
- Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to reach, seize”), whence also apīscor (“to reach, seize”), and Sanskrit आप् (āp, “to reach”), Hittite [script needed] (epp-zi / app-, “to reach”); and Hittite [script needed] (pai-i / pi-, “to give”), Lycian [script needed] (pije-, “to give”), and possibly Albanian jap (“to give”).[1]
- Traditionally connected to Latin opīnor (“to believe”), though this is semantically difficult to explain.
- Semantic differences oppose also any connection to *h₃ep- (“to work”), whence Latin opus.
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “needs more refs aside from de Vaan”)
Inflection
| Inflection of *opeō (second conjugation causative) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *opeō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Past participle | *opetos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *opeō | *opeōr |
| 2nd sing. | *opēs | *opēzo |
| 3rd sing. | *opēt | *opētor |
| 1st plur. | *opēmos | *opēmor |
| 2nd plur. | *opētes | *opēm(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *opeont | *opeontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *opeām | *opeār |
| 2nd sing. | *opeās | *opeāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *opeād | *opeātor |
| 1st plur. | *opeāmos | *opeāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *opeātes | *opeām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *opeānd | *opeāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *opē | *opēzo |
| 2nd plur. | *opēte | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *opētōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *opēnts | *opetos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *opetum | *opēzi | |
Descendants
- Umbrian: 𐌖𐌐𐌄𐌕𐌖 (upetu)
- >? Old Latin: opet (term of uncertain meaning in the Duenos Inscription)
- ⇒ *opetāō (frequentative)
- Latin: optō
- ⇒? *op-ti- (“a wish (?)”)[1]
- Oscan: 𐌖𐌚𐌕𐌄𐌉𐌔 (ufteis, genitive singular), 𐌖𐌇𐌚𐌕𐌉𐌔 (uhftis, nominative plural)
References
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “optō, -āre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 431–432
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