Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ter-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*ter-

tender, weak
young creature

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ter-‎ (9 c, 0 e)

Unsorted formations:
- Albanian: trim
- Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: թոռն (tʻoṙn)
  - Middle Armenian: թարմ (tʻarm)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *tarnas
  - Lithuanian: tar̃nas (“servant”)
- Hellenic:
  - Ancient Greek: τέρυ (téru, “weak, small”), τέρην (térēn, “smooth, gentle”), τεράμων (terámōn, “becoming soft by boiling”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *tárunas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tárunas
    - Sanskrit: तरुण (táruṇa, “young”), तर्ण (tárṇa, “calf”), तर्णक (tárṇaka, “any young animal”)
      - Romani: tarno (“young”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *tárunah
    - Avestan: 𐬙𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬥𐬀 (ta^uruna, “the young of humans and animals”)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (tarōk, “young”), [script needed] (tōrūk, “young dog”)
    - Ossetian:
      - Digor: тӕрин (tærin), тӕрна (tærna)
      - Iron: тыры́н (tyrýn), тыр (tyr)
    - Persian: تر (tar, “wet”), توله (tôla, “whelp”), ترانه (tarâna, “a handsome youth”)
    - Sogdian: [script needed] (trn /⁠tarun⁠/, “tame, gentle”)
- Italic:
  - Latin: (possibly) tardus
  - Latin: (possibly) tener
  - Latin: (possibly) termes
  - Sabine: terenum (“soft”)

References

Pokorny, Julius (1959) “²ter-, teru-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1070 of 1070, 1071
Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “թարմ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page թոռն of 161, 198
Abajev, V. I. (1979) “²tæryn, tyryn | tærna”, in Историко-этимологический словарь осетинского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow and Leningrad: Academy Press, page 280

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