< Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swammaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Seemingly related to Ancient Greek σομφός (somphós, “spongy, porous (esp. of wood)”), with which it is traditionally derived from Proto-Indo-European *swombʰ- (“sponge; tree-fungus”), but the Greek cannot be of inherited Indo-European origin given its lack of the expected shift *sw > *hw. Likely ultimately of substrate[2] or wanderwort origin. Such a substrate word may speculatively be related to the substrate sources of similar words in other languages, including Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”), Ancient Greek σπόγγος (spóngos)/σφόγγος (sphóngos, “sponge; tonsil”), Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree fungus”) and perhaps Proto-Balto-Slavic *gúmˀbas (“bulged, bloated”) (whence Lithuanian gum̃bas (“bulge”) and Proto-Slavic *gǫba (“fungus, mushroom; sponge; lip”)), which cannot be reconciled in terms of Proto-Indo-European.[1] See also the variant *sumpaz (“swamp”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ˈswɑm.mɑz/

Noun

*swammaz m

  1. sponge
  2. fungus, mushroom
  3. swamp

Inflection
masculine a-stemDeclension of *swammaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *swammaz *swammōz, *swammōs
vocative *swamm *swammōz, *swammōs
accusative *swammą *swammanz
genitive *swammas, *swammis *swammǫ̂
dative *swammai *swammamaz
instrumental *swammō *swammamiz

Descendants

References
  1. Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swamb/ppan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 495
  2. van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “zomp”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute
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